Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif)

Herbal Plant Classification Using EfficientNetV2B0 Model and CRISP-DM Approach

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Herbal remedies have long been utilized by Indonesian communities as part of traditional medicine. However, identification of these natural resources is often challenging due to the morphological similarities among various species, which demand expert knowledge to differentiate. This study aims to implement the EfficientNetV2B0 model architecture for classifying medicinal leaves through an Android-based application designed to support recognition tasks. The dataset was composed of augmented images of plant foliage. The model was trained using the TensorFlow framework and evaluated to measure classification performance. Results demonstrate that EfficientNetV2B0 achieves excellent accuracy, with validation scores exceeding 97%, outperforming several other deep learning models. The resulting application allows the general public to identify local medicinal species more easily. This study contributes to the field of computer vision by providing an accurate and efficient classification framework, particularly beneficial for health-related informatics in biodiversity-rich regions.

A Comprehensive Benchmarking Pipeline for Transformer-Based Sentiment Analysis using Cross-Validated Metrics

Dodo Zaenal Abidin, Lasmedi Afuan, Afrizal Nehemia Toscany, Nurhadi — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Transformer-based models have significantly advanced sentiment analysis in natural language processing. However, many existing studies still lack robust, cross-validated evaluations and comprehensive performance reporting. This study proposes an integrated benchmarking pipeline for sentiment classification on the IMDb dataset using BERT, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT. The methodology includes systematic preprocessing, stratified 5-fold cross-validation, and aggregate evaluation through confusion matrices, ROC and precision-recall (PR) curves, and multi-metric classification reports. Experimental results demonstrate that all models achieve high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, with RoBERTa leading overall (94.1% mean accuracy and F1), followed by BERT (92.8%) and DistilBERT (92.1%). All models exceed 0.97 in ROC-AUC and PR-AUC, confirming strong discriminative capability. Compared to prior approaches, this pipeline enhances result robustness, interpretability, and reproducibility. The provided results and open-source code offer a reliable reference for future research and practical deployment. This study is limited to the IMDb dataset in English, suggesting future work on multilingual, cross-domain, and explainable AI integration.

Evaluating Classification Models for Predicting Product Success in Indonesian E-Commerce

Fiola Utri Aulya, Kusnawi — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The intense competition within the Indonesian e-commerce landscape presents a significant challenge for sellers in forecasting product performance. This study offers a unique contribution by systematically comparing seven machine learning classification algorithms to predict product success across Indonesia's three largest platforms: Shopee, Tokopedia, and Lazada. The primary objective is to identify the most effective algorithm for predicting whether a product's sales will surpass the market median. The methodology involved aggregating and preprocessing a dataset of 3,673 product listings. Product success was defined as a binary variable based on sales volume exceeding the dataset's median. Seven models, including Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, and tree-based ensembles like Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM, were trained and optimized using a 5-fold cross-validated GridSearchCV. Evaluation was based on accuracy, ROC AUC, and F1-score. The results demonstrate a clear performance hierarchy, with tree-based ensemble models achieving superior results. Random Forest emerged as the premier model, attaining an accuracy of 83.2% and an AUC of 0.907. A subsequent feature importance analysis revealed that shop_followers and price were the most significant predictors of success. This finding has crucial practical implications, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), by providing a data-driven framework for decision-making. The model enables them to focus resources on actionable strategies—building seller reputation and optimizing pricing—to enhance their competitiveness effectively.

Sentiment Analysis of Fizzo Novel Application Using Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes Algorithm with SEMMA Framework

Satrio Pambudi, Pratomo Setiaji, Wiwit Agus Triyanto — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing popularity of digital reading platforms in Indonesia, such as Fizzo Novel, has generated many user reviews that can be analyzed to understand their satisfaction. This study analyzes user sentiment toward Fizzo Novel using the SEMMA (Sample, Explore, Modify, Model, Assess) framework, and compares the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes algorithms. A total of 139,759 reviews were collected from the Google Play Store through web scraping. The data was then processed through normalization, tokenization, lexicon-based sentiment labeling, and feature extraction using TF-IDF. To address class imbalance, the SMOTE technique was applied. The results showed that SVM achieved the highest accuracy, exceeding 96%, with a consistent F1-score across all sentiment classes. In contrast, Naïve Bayes recorded lower accuracy (75.82% before SMOTE and 73.63% after SMOTE), along with a decline in performance for the neutral class. SVM proved more reliable in handling large and imbalanced text data. Practically, the results of this study can help application developers such as Fizzo Novel in automatically understanding user opinions. With an accurate sentiment classification model, developers can monitor reviews in real-time, identify issues such as excessive advertising or an unpopular chapter division system, and design feature improvements based on real user needs. This research also provides a foundation for algorithm selection in future large-scale sentiment analysis projects and recommends SVM as the more appropriate choice in this context.

Comparison of LightGBM With XGBoost Algorithms in Determining Arrhythmia Classification in Students

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Arrhythmia is a heart rhythm disorder that may occur unpredictably with life-threatening risk if it were not treated immediately. This heart disorder generally affects the elderly, but symptoms of this disorder can also arise in children and adolescents, especially for those with heart problems or are often under stress. The implementation of this research is aimed at analyzing the symptoms of early arrhythmia in adolescent children using electrocardiogram signals. In order to obtain the best possible results in determining the higher performing algorithm, two machine learning methods were used to predict the classification of arrhythmia which will be compared for their accuracy. The subjects of this study included 106 students from SMK Swasta Teladan Sumatera Utara 2 located in the city of Medan, of which 72 final subject data were used to train the capability of both models used to predict arrhythmia classification categorized into four categories, namely normal, abnormal, potential of arrhythmia, and high potential of arrhythmia. The LightGBM model outperformed the XGBoost model, with 95.11% accuracy and 95.03% F1 Score, and although the loss value of the LightGBM model is higher than the loss value of the XGBoost model, the difference between these two values is negligible and the loss value of LightGBM can be considered as excellent with a value of 0.1503. This research contributes to the advancement of digital health by demonstrating the potential of machine learning-based ECG analysis for highly accurate early arrhythmia detection in adolescent, non-clinical populations.

Prediction of Turbidity Removal Time in Electrocoagulation Wastewater Using Random Forest, XGBoost, and Others: A Data-Driven Information System Approach

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Electrocoagulation is an effective and environmentally friendly technology for treating wastewater by removing contaminants such as turbidity, heavy metals, and organic compounds. Accurately predicting turbidity removal time is essential for optimizing treatment performance and operational efficiency. However, this is challenging due to complex, nonlinear relationships between multiple parameters including current, voltage, electrode configuration, conductivity, and turbidity removal rate. This study aims to develop a predictive framework by comparing six supervised regression models, namely Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression (SVR), XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), using key electrocoagulation parameters. After extensive data preprocessing, a dataset of 281 samples was used for training and validation. Among them, Random Forest achieved the best performance (R² = 0.876, RMSE = 601.15). A data-driven information system is proposed to integrate these predictive capabilities for real-time monitoring and control. By improving turbidity prediction accuracy, the system enables the sustainable utilization of water as a valuable asset, even in its wastewater form. The approach enhances decision-making by providing intelligent feedback for process optimization. This research contributes to the advancement of intelligent, sustainable wastewater treatment systems by integrating machine learning prediction models with practical process control applications in informatics.

Utility-Based Buffer Management for Enhancing DTN Emergency Alert Dissemination in Jakarta's Urban Rail Systems

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The efficiency of emergency alert dissemination in highly populated and densely urban transport networks, such as Jakarta's integrated rail system, is undermined by sporadic connectivity and limited network resources. In this environment, an initial comparison of baseline Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) routing protocols revealed that flooding-based routers, such as Epidemic, while achieving above-average delivery rates, suffered from high overhead and poor buffer utilization. This paper fills this gap by proposing the Combined Utility Router, a novel buffer management policy that overcomes the limitations of naive strategies, such as Drop-Oldest. Our approach holistically evaluates a message's value by assigning a weighted utility function based on its Time-To-Live (TTL), estimated total replicas, message size, and a user-defined priority. The router maintains high-value messages by discarding the message deemed the lowest utility score under the buffer constraint. Utility-based simulations in The ONE simulator demonstrate that applying our approach to Epidemic routing improves delivery probability, reduces average latency in high network congestion scenarios, while maintaining overhead rates. This work confirms that, in the context of developing reliable and efficient emergency communication systems for challenging urban topographies, optimizing buffer management extends beyond simply selecting the appropriate protocol.

Analysis of Polyglot Obfuscation Techniques against ModSecurity in Preventing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection Attacks with Experimental Method

Nelmiawati, Kessy Dealova — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Internet use has increased every year, as shown by the percentage of internet users in Indonesia reaching 79.50% in 2024. However, security is something that cannot be ignored, especially with the growing number of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection Attacks in web platforms. According to OWASP Top 10 report, these two attacks were listed in 2017 and appeared again in the 2021 version, showing that they are still relevant today. In fact, in June 2024, XSS and SQL Injection vulnerabilities were found in a company, PT. XYZ. One way to mitigate these attacks is by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) such as ModSecurity, which can protect websites from exploitation. However, previous research found that older versions of ModSecurity had weaknesses that could be bypassed with simple obfuscation techniques. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the built-in rules in ModSecurity Core Rule Set (CRS) version 4.7 in handling XSS and SQL Injection payloads with polyglot obfuscation, a method that uses complex character encoding to avoid WAF detection. The research was conducted using an experimental method. This study contributes to improve WAF security by testing against modern obfuscation-based attacks, so that security does not rely solely on the default WAF configuration. The results show that all payloads were detected and blocked by ModSecurity with an HTTP 403 response, proving that the CRS 4.7 built-in rules can effectively protect against XSS and SQL Injection threats.

Performance Evaluation of Backend Frameworks for REST API: A Comparative Study of Spring Boot, Flask, Express.js, Laravel FrankenPHP, and Gin

Aufa Syaihan Azzahidi, Bangun Wijayanto, Agus Darmawan — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One major impact of this development is the shift in application development, particularly in data integration across different platforms. Web services have emerged as a solution for system integration and multi-platform application development. One implementation of Web services is Representational State Transfer. The choice of programming language and framework is also crucial in web application development, directly affecting performance and efficiency. Research on framework performance is necessary to support the development of an Academic Information System. This study will use parameters such as response time, throughput, and resource usage, employing a performance testing method modified by the author. The method includes problem identification, data collection, backend development, performance testing, and conclusion. The test results show that Spring Boot outperforms others in all parameters with stable and efficient performance. Gin is suitable for medium-scale data, Flask excels in scalability but lacks stability, Express.js is efficient CPU usage, and Laravel with FrankenPHP is Memory-efficient. These results serve as a reference for selecting frameworks according to REST API development needs. This research supports developers in selecting appropriate backend frameworks for high-performance REST API systems.

User Interface Evaluation of the Business Development Center Website at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta: A Content, Visual, and Navigation Perspective

Muhammad Sobri, Imam Subchi — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The business development center State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta (UIN Jakarta) as the main manager of the campus's business lines that functions to manage, develop, generate funding sources, underpin the development of business ideas and implement business ideas that have been designed and agreed upon by the UIN Jakarta Leadership and other stakeholders. This study aims to evaluate the business development center website UIN Jakarta from a user interface perspective. This study uses a questionnaire containing to evaluate the user interface in terms of content, visuals and navigation. Based on the questionnaire data that has been filled out by respondents, the most significant findings from each aspect. The content aspect, valued at 76.3% for information regarding the vision, mission, work programs, and the foreword of the head of the center are presented completely and easily accessible, but 63.2% complained that some parts of the service are not detailed enough. The visual aspect, valued at 63.2% for the consistent campus color identity on the background and title, but 60.5% complained that the contrast of white text on the dark gray background area is less user-friendly. While the navigation aspect, valued at 71.1% for the about, services, and gallery features are clearly visible, but 63.2% complained that there is no visual highlight for the menu being accessed. This study contributes to the development of the business development center website UIN Jakarta based on responses from participants completed the questionnaire to be more optimal and provide all information regarding the business units at UIN Jakarta as a form of promotion to be known and serve the wider community. In addition, this study presents innovations for developing a user interface evaluation framework for institution websites, particularly those related to business development center in state islamic universities.

Validation and Evaluation of Browser Forensics Using Digital Forensic Approach Based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Framework

Muhammad Syukri, Imam Riadi, Tole Sutikno — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Browsers have become essential applications in digital life alongside the advancement of internet technology. However, users’ low awareness of privacy security during web browsing can lead to the risk of data theft by malicious parties. This study analyzes digital traces in Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox using a digital forensic approach based on the standards of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The method involves four testing scenarios to compare digital traces in storage media (hard drive) and RAM between normal and private/incognito browsing modes. The objective of this research is to validate and evaluate previous findings conducted on the Linux operating system, using a different approach within a Windows environment. The experiment uses the same digital forensic tools to ensure data accuracy. This study contributes to the advancement of browser forensics by presenting a validated and reproducible framework for memory-based privacy evaluation, thereby supporting more accurate and systematic analysis of digital traces.

Development of WebGIS for Street Light Mapping Using Geospatial Tools

Anisya, Fajrin, Indra warman, Minarni, Anna Syahrani, Fajar Nugroho — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Padang City, as one of the cities the largest on the west coast of Sumatra Island, plays a strategic role in the economy and government. One of the vital infrastructures that supports public activities is the street lighting system. However, the monitoring and maintenance of streetlights still face obstacles, especially in North Padang District, which is the busiest area due to the presence of numerous educational facilities, government offices, and economic centers. This research aims to develop a WebGIS application that facilitates the monitoring and management of street lighting more efficiently. Our research contributes by introducing a new approach to spatial-based streetlight management strategies. This approach is based on a methodology for field data collection and spatial database development to manage all stages of streetlight infrastructure management. This application integrates geospatial technology by utilizing GeoServer, QGIS, and PostgreSQL for visualization and spatial data management. With this system, information about the location and condition of streetlights can be accessed in real-time, thereby facilitating better planning and maintenance of street lighting infrastructure. The result of this study is a WebGIS application capable of mapping and monitoring streetlight points interactively. The implementation of this system is expected to assist relevant authorities in improving the effectiveness of street lighting management in Padang City and contribute to the development of geospatial technology-based solutions for urban infrastructure.

Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Pest Repellent System for Shallot Farms Using Ultrasonic, and Light Emitters Based on ESP32

Albert Gifson Hutajulu, Dhimas Alviero Daffa — Sat, 06 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Shallots are an agricultural commodity of high economic value that often experiences pest attacks, causing a decrease in crop yields. Commonly used pest control methods, such as pesticides and manual expulsions, are often less effective and can have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, this research aims to design and develop a pest repellent based on the ESP32 microcontroller that can be operated in automatic or manual mode and utilize the resources of the Solar Power Plant (PLTS) supported by ultrasonic loads and LED lights. The research methods used include device design using PCB, load testing, and system performance analysis based on the voltage and current generated. The test results show that the system has high stability during the day with an average voltage of 12.54V and an average current of 0.07A for ultrasonic loads. However, at night, the system degrades, because the solar cells do not produce energy. The stability of the system is also more optimal at the use of ultrasonic loads compared to LED loads which exhibit higher voltage fluctuations. Thus, this tool can be an effective and environmentally friendly solution for shallot farmers in reducing pest attacks. By providing a performance analysis of different actuators under solar-powered constraints, this research contributes to the development of low-power, autonomous IoT system for smart agriculture.

Hybrid Time-Series Approaches for PV Power Prediction: Evaluating SARIMAX and Generative Model

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Forecasting the output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial in managing renewable energy efficiently and sustainably. The availability of historical data and environmental variables, such as temperature and humidity, greatly influences prediction accuracy. However, in practice, historical data is often incomplete due to technical constraints or limited monitoring infrastructure, which results in decreased prediction quality and system efficiency. To overcome these challenges, this study proposed a comparative approach between two predictive models, namely SARIMAX (Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous variables) as a classical statistical model, and WGAN-GP (Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty) as a generative deep learning model designed to handle incomplete data and capture nonlinear relationships. The datasets included PV power output from the monitoring system at Universitas Kristen Immanuel (UKRIM) Yogyakarta, along with temperature and humidity data from the Kalitirto weather station in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted through several stages, namely: data collection, pre-processing, model training, and evaluation using MAE, MSE, RMSE, and MAPE metrics. The results show that the SARIMAX model using the Time-Series Cross-Validation (TSCV) achieves the best numerical performance (MAE = 0.085; RMSE = 0.145). However, this model fails to represent daily patterns realistically. In contrast, both the standard SARIMAX and WGAN-GP models are more consistent in representing seasonal patterns and daily fluctuations, even though their prediction errors were slightly higher in terms of numerical metrics. The findings advance scientific understanding of hybrid forecasting models and offer practical implications for improving energy reliability and decision-making in data-constrained environments.

Evaluation IT Goverment Capabilities of the Facematch RIM Polri Recruitment System Using the COBIT 5 Framework

Made Wikrama Dana Iswara, Sita Anggraeni — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One of the technology implementations used by the Government, especially the latest POLRI in the Facematch RIM POLRI system in the recruitment of POLRI new members, has been designed to prevent fraud in the Police recruitment process by recording the faces of prospective members as a valid identity. To determine the capabilities of this system, qualitative data collection was carried out through interviews with related parties and observation of overall system governance activities. The operational implementation of this system has several findings, including the recording process and image quality monitoring mechanism, the continuity of the capture process, to network and infrastructure constraints. The findings are mapped within the COBIT 5 framework domain to determine the gap for improvement in Acceptance System Governance based on Facematch RIM POLRI at POLRI. These findings can contribute to the improvement of IT Governance practices in the POLRI Admissions System in Government in line with the COBIT 5 framework domains and are expected to provide strategic recommendations to overcome the challenges faced and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the system in supporting organizational goals.

Automated Classification of Mungkus Fish Freshness Based on Eye and Gill Images Using the Naive Bayes Algorithm

Yulia Darnita, Rozali Toyib, Anisya Sonita, Andika Putra — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of assessing the freshness of fish, especially Mungkus fish, is usually directed at several physical indicators, such as eye appearance, gill condition, meat quality, and odor. This traditional method is often considered inaccurate and requires certain expertise, therefore a more effective and objective method is needed to assess the freshness level of Mungkus fish, which in turn can provide benefits for both fishermen and the public in general. The solution to this problem by using the Naïve Bayes method in classifying the freshness level of Mungkus fish based on eye and gill images has proven to be a fairly efficient approach. The Naïve Bayes method itself is a simple but very effective algorithm in the field of machine learning, and operates based on Bayes' Theorem with the assumption that features are independent of each other. This method can be applied in the initial stage of classification by utilizing basic features taken from images of fish eyes and gills. Based on testing 30 new data sets, the clustering system demonstrated an accuracy rate of 66.67%, indicating that 20 data sets were correctly classified according to their actual conditions. On the other hand, 10 data sets, or 33.33%, could not be categorized correctly. Of the 30 old data sets tested, the system was able to correctly classify 19 (63.33%), while 11 (36.67%) still had errors in their classification predictions. Overall, the system successfully performed data clustering with 65% accuracy, with the remaining 35% still showing errors in the classification process.

Integration of BERT-VAD, MFCC-Delta, and VGG16 in Transformer-Based Fusion Architecture for Multimodal Emotion Classification

Fisan Syafa Nayoma, Kusnawi — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Emotion is a condition that plays an important role in human interaction and is the main focus of intelligence research in utilizing multimodal. Previous studies have classified multimodal emotions but are still less than optimal because they do not consider the complexity of human emotions as a whole. Although using multimodal data, the selection of feature extraction and the merging process are still less relevant to improving accuracy. This study attempts to categorize emotions and improve precision through a multimodal methodology that utilizes Transformer-based Fusion. The data used consists of a synthesis of three modalities: text (extracted through BERT and assessed through the affective dimensions of NRC Valence, Arousal, and Dominance), audio (extracted through MFCC and delta-delta² from the RAVDESS and TESS datasets), and images (extracted through VGG16 on the FER-2013 dataset). The model is built by mapping each feature into an identical dimensional representation and processed through a Transformer block to simulate the interaction between modalities, known as feature-level interactions. The classification procedure is run through a dense layer with softmax activation. Model evaluation was performed using Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation with k=10. The evaluation results showed that the model achieved 95% accuracy in the ninth fold. This result shows a significant improvement from previous research at the feature level (73.55%), and underlines the effectiveness of the combination of feature extraction and Transformer-based Fusion. This study contributes to the field of emotion-aware systems in informatics, facilitating more adaptive, empathetic, and intelligent interactions between humans and computers in practical applications.

Multimodal Biometric Recognition Based on Fusion of Electrocardiogram and Fingerprint Using CNN, LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and DNN Models

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Biometric authentication offers a promising solution for enhancing the security of digital systems by leveraging individuals' unique physiological characteristics. This study proposes a multimodal authentication system using deep learning approaches to integrate fingerprint images and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The datasets employed include FVC2004 for fingerprint data and ECG-ID for ECG signals. Four deep learning architectures—Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), CNN-LSTM, and Deep Neural Network (DNN)—are evaluated to compare their effectiveness in recognizing individual identity based on fused multimodal features. Feature extraction techniques include grayscale conversion, binarization, edge detection, minutiae extraction for fingerprint images, and R-peak–based segmentation for ECG signals. The extracted features are combined using a feature-level fusion strategy to form a unified representation. Experimental results indicate that the CNN model achieves the highest classification accuracy at 96.25%, followed by LSTM and DNN at 93.75%, while CNN-LSTM performs the lowest at 11.25%. Minutiae-based features consistently yield superior results across different models, highlighting the importance of local feature descriptors in fingerprint-based identification tasks. This research advances biometric authentication by demonstrating the effectiveness of feature-level fusion and CNN architecture for accurate and robust identity recognition. The proposed system shows strong potential for secure and adaptive biometric authentication in modern digital applications.

Palm Oil Seed Origin Classification Based on Thermal Images and Agricultural Data Using Convolutional Neural Network

Si Gede Ngurah Chandra Adi Natha, Tjokorda Agung Budi Wirayuda, Rifki Wijaya — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The traceability of palm oil seed origins plays a vital role in ensuring transparency, legality, and sustainability across the palm oil supply chain. Recent advances in deep learning have created new opportunities to improve classification systems by leveraging both visual and contextual data. This study proposes a deep learning-based model for classifying the origin of palm oil seeds by integrating thermal imagery with agricultural data. Two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, ResNet50 and MobileNet, were evaluated under three experimental setups: using only thermal images, combining thermal images with agricultural features (socio-economic, soil, and spectral fruit characteristics), and applying hyperparameter tuning to the best-performing model. The results show that ResNet50 consistently outperformed MobileNet, particularly in multimodal configurations. The highest performance was achieved using ResNet50 with the Adam optimizer, a learning rate of 0.001, and a batch size of 16, resulting in training accuracy of 99.75%, validation accuracy of 99.92%, and test accuracy of 100.00%. Evaluation metrics confirmed the model’s robustness with precision, recall, and F1-score all reaching 100.00%. This research highlights the significant potential of combining thermal imagery and agricultural data in CNN-based models for accurate and reliable classification of palm oil seed origins. The approach can support traceability systems in the palm oil industry, offering a scalable and data-driven solution for ensuring supply chain integrity and sustainability.

Comparison of Accuracy and Computation Time for Predicting Earthquake Magnitude in Java Island

Abdul Hakim Prima Yuniarto, Taqwa Hariguna, Devi Astri Nawangnugraeni — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Java Island has numerous active faults, making earthquake magnitude prediction a crucial component of disaster mitigation efforts. This study conducted a rigorous comparative analysis of four machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, Neural Network, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machine—to determine their effectiveness in this specific task. The methodology employed involved systematic hyperparameter optimization for each model to ensure a fair and robust evaluation, with performance measured by Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and training time. The results showed that all three nonlinear models significantly outperformed Linear Regression. Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (RMSE 0.5445), but Support Vector Machine and Neural Network demonstrated very competitive and nearly equal performance. The study concluded that while Random Forest has a slight advantage, several state-of-the-art models are highly capable of addressing this problem after appropriate optimization. This underscores the critical role of methodical tuning and implies that model selection in practical applications depends on a trade-off between modest improvements in accuracy and computational efficiency.

Evaluating Software Quality in a Point of Sales System in a Fast-Food Restaurant Using the McCall Model

Wahyu Fidi Ramadhina Assidiq, Fidi Wincoko Putro, Arni Muarifah Amri — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Software quality is an critical aspect in ensuring system performance and user satisfaction. This study evaluates the quality of the system called Sampos. is a system used by internal employees in managing fast food business operations for record transactions. manage raw material stocks and help track daily reports. The evaluation was conducted using the McCall model, which focuses on five primary quality factors: correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity, and usability. Each factor is assessed through indicators that reflect the system's performance in that aspect. The measurement stage begins by assigning weights to each indicator based on its level of importance. Then. The quality value of each factor is calculated to get a comprehensive picture of system performance. The results of the evaluation showed that the correctness value was 56.2%, reliability 56%, Integrity 47.8%, and usability 46%, which are generally classified as "Pretty Good.". Meanwhile, the value of the efficiency factor is only 38.2%, so it is categorized as "not good." Overall, the Sampos system obtained an average score of 41% - 60%. This indicates that the system requires improvement, especially in the aspect of efficiency. This study contributes to proving that McCall's method can be used to evaluate applications built without documentation and by a single developer. Therefore, this study contributes a practical case study on the application of McCall’s Model as an effective method for identifying and quantifying quality weakness in small-scale operational systems.

Implementation of K-Means on Packaged Coffee Sales Data for Simulating Goods Entry in Sole Proprietorship Businesses

Agri Triansyah, Bangun Wijayanto, Ayu Anjar Paramestuti — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In retail businesses operating under the sole proprietorship structure, decision-making regarding partnerships with beverage distributors—especially those offering packaged coffee—remains a challenge. Store owners often face uncertainty about the profitability of accepting product offerings, which can lead to suboptimal inventory decisions. This study addresses that issue by simulating goods entry scenarios and applying clustering techniques to historical packaged coffee sales data, enabling data-driven insights into product performance and distributor value. Studies focusing on clustering within retail include segmenting customer behaviour and stock management strategies, yet many lacked specific application to single owner businesses and product-centric simulations. This research is novel in its contextual focus on packaged coffee distribution within sole proprietorship environments, integrating real sales metrics and clustering algorithms to empower store owners with actionable evaluation tools. Results demonstrate that clustering reveals patterns of profitable product categories and distributor consistency, offering scalable insights for micro-retail optimization. The findings provide a framework that differs from prior studies by emphasizing the intersection between small business dynamics and algorithmic decision support. Ultimately, this research contributes to the advancement of informatics by demonstrating how clustering-based simulations can enhance decision-making in micro-retail environments through practical, data-driven methodologies.

Vibration Classification Of Intact And Cracked Brick Materials Using Fast Fourier Transform–Extreme Learning Machine For Structural Damage Early Detection

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Structural damage in buildings is often initiated by small cracks in lightweight brick elements, which, if undetected, may compromise structural safety. This study developed a vibration-based classification system using the ADXL345 accelerometer, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for early detection of such damage. Vibration data were collected along three axes (X, Y, and Z) with excitation frequencies ranging from 10–50 Hz. FFT analysis revealed clear distinctions between intact and cracked bricks, where cracked samples exhibited higher amplitudes and multiple resonance peaks. These frequency-domain features were then processed by ELM classifier. ELM achieved high computational efficiency and demonstrated strong predictive capability, correctly classifying 7,855 intact and 4,548 cracked samples. However, it also produced 1,879 false positives and 5,100 false negatives, resulting in an RMSE of 0.548. While the model proved more accurate in identifying intact bricks, its sensitivity to crack detection remains a challenge. Overall, FFT–ELM framework shows promising potential as a fast, non-destructive, and scalable approach for structural health monitoring, with further refinements needed to improve detection accuracy of damaged materials.

Performance Comparison of Learned Features from Autoencoder and Shape-Based Hu Moments for Batik Classification

Muhammad Faqih Dzulqarnain, Abdul Fadlil, Imam Riadi — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Batik classification depends critically on effective feature extraction to capture the unique geometric and visual characteristics of batik patterns. This study compares two distinct feature extraction methods for batik classification: learned features extracted via a convolutional autoencoder, and shape-based handcrafted features derived from Hu Moments. While autoencoders automatically learn complex latent representations that adapt to intricate pattern variations, Hu Moments provide invariant shape descriptors robust to rotation, scaling, and translation. The methodology involves extracting Hu Moment features and autoencoder latent features from the same batik image dataset, followed by evaluation with identical classifiers to ensure a fair comparison. Experimental results reveal key trade-offs: Hu Moments offer robustness and interpretability in capturing shape geometry, whereas autoencoder features better model complex, non-linear patterns. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of classical and learned feature extraction techniques, offering valuable insights for optimizing batik classification. This research advances feature extraction methodologies in cultural heritage image analysis, with broader applicability to pattern-rich domains like batik classification.

Improving Lateral-Movement Intrusion Detection in Virtualized Networks using SHAP Feature Selection, SMOTE, and a Voting Ensemble Classifier

Avin Maulana, Syaiful Anam, Hilmi Aziz Bukhori — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Modern virtualized networks, such as those using VXLAN (Virtual eXtensible LAN), generate heavy east–west traffic, which can conceal the lateral movement of attackers. Detecting such infiltration attacks is challenging due to overlay encapsulation (e.g., VXLAN) and flat subnet architectures create blind spots for traditional IDS. This study aims to evaluate a robust methodology for addressing class imbalance in intrusion detection by integrating SHAP-driven feature selection with SMOTE in a voting ensemble. We conducted an ablation study on the CICIDS2017 Thursday-WorkingHours-Afternoon-Infiltration subset, which is highly imbalanced (36 infiltration flows vs. 288,566 benign flows), varying SHAP feature sets (Top-5 vs. Top-30), classification thresholds , and SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) balancing. The ensemble combined XGBoost, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression, and was evaluated with ROC-AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score. Results indicate that using more SHAP‑important features improves ROC‑AUC and recall, while SMOTE substantially enhances minority‑class detection. The best configuration is Top‑30 SHAP features with SMOTE at , achieved ROC‑AUC = 0.976 and F1‑score = 0.78, whereas using fewer features or omitting SMOTE significantly reduced recall and F1‑score. This synergy of interpretable feature selection and synthetic oversampling establishes a practical methodology for intrusion detection in highly imbalanced, modern virtualized environments. The novelty lies in demonstrating that SHAP + SMOTE integration yields both transparency and resilience, directly addressing encapsulation challenges in detecting stealthy lateral movement.

Literature Study on AI Mechanisms, Consciousness, and Emotion Integration in Chat GPT

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, demonstrates the ability to generate responses that resemble human emotional understanding and raises questions about the integration of consciousness, emotions, and algorithms in the context of singularity. This study aims to analyze how AI builds the illusion of consciousness and emotional closeness through computational mechanisms and its impact on human-AI interactions across various sectors. The method used is a structured literature review, examining academic journals, official reports, and the latest technical documentation classified by technical domain, including model architecture, emotion simulation, ethical implications, and publication year to assess its developmental dynamics. The results show that ChatGPT is capable of simulating empathy through affective computing and language prediction patterns, but it does not possess subjective emotional experiences like humans. This illusion of emotional closeness has proven beneficial in enhancing the effectiveness of interactions in education, public services, and healthcare, although it also poses risks such as emotional manipulation, data bias, and unrealistic empathy standards. The discussion emphasizes that the term “empathy” in AI should be understood technically as a data-driven adaptive response, not authentic emotional experience, and thus must be distinguished from human empathy. Critical analysis also reveals contradictions between AI's effectiveness in mimicking human behavior and its limitations in achieving genuine emotional connection. The discussion emphasizes that the term “empathy” in AI should be understood technically as a data-driven adaptive response, not an authentic emotional experience, and therefore needs to be distinguished from human empathy. Critical analysis also reveals a contradiction between AI's effectiveness in mimicking emotional behavior and its limitations in understanding meaning and consciousness at a deeper level. Therefore, this research contributes to the field of Computer Science by presenting a conceptual synthesis that clarifies both the limitations and potential of AI, while offering a foundation for designing more ethical interaction systems and developing risk assessment models in vulnerable sectors.

Enhancing Malware Detection in IoT Networks using Ensemble Learning on IoT-23 Dataset

Kurnia Anggriani, Syakira Az Zahra, Agus Susanto — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a technological innovation that brings many benefits in various sectors, but also presents challenges, especially in terms of cybersecurity. One of the main threats is malware, which can damage devices, steal data, and disrupt system performance. With the increasing use of IoT, malware attacks on IoT devices are a serious concern. Previous research shows that malware detection models in IoT devices still have shortcomings, especially in terms of accuracy. One of the algorithms used in malware detection, Naïve Bayes, has been shown to provide low accuracy results. This study aims to improve the accuracy of malware detection on IoT networks by applying Ensemble learning techniques using traffic data from the IoT-23 dataset. The methodology used refers to the CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) framework, which includes the stages of domain understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modelling, evaluation, and deployment. The results show that Ensemble learning improved the performance of individual models. Naïve Bayes as a single model produces an accuracy of 0.24, increasing to 0.35 when combined with AdaBoost, and 0.99 when combined with XGBoost. The combination of the three models also produced an accuracy of 0.99. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of ensemble learning in improving malware detection accuracy in IoT environments.

A Literature-Based Heat Matrix for Quantifying Inter-Domain Correlations within the ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Framework

Erick Dazki, Richardus Eko Indrajit, Januponsa Dio F — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of managing information security controls is complex because the domains outlined in standards like ISO/IEC 27002 rarely operate in isolation; they have intricate interdependencies that are often overlooked. This oversight can lead to fragmented security controls, inefficient resource allocation, and weaknesses in overall security governance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a literature-based heat matrix methodology, building on ISO/IEC 27002:2013 while referencing the updated 2022 guidance, NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5, and COBIT 2019. The primary goal is to assign numerical correlation values to the fourteen domains of ISO/IEC 27002:2013, providing a structured approach to visualize and understand their interrelationships. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review and is complemented by expert validation from experienced practitioners to refine the correlation scores. The result is an illustrative 14x14 matrix that demonstrates how numeric inter-domain correlations can reveal critical overlaps and guide strategic decision-making. A new five-tier correlation scale is introduced to aid interpretation, clarifying whether two domains have very low, low, moderate, high, or very high levels of interdependency. This approach offers a significant impact on the field of informatics and computer science by enabling organizations to move beyond siloed security management. By recognizing these correlations, organizations can allocate resources more effectively, enhance holistic risk management, and strengthen security governance. The heat matrix serves as a practical tool for practitioners and managers to identify domain pairs that require close coordination, ultimately leading to more coherent policy frameworks and a more robust security posture.

Rainfall Forecasting Using SSA-Based Hybrid Models with LSSVR and LSTM for Disaster Mitigation

Zauyik Nana Ruslana, Eri Zuliarso — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Accurate rainfall forecasting is crucial for addressing the increasing risk of hydrometeorological disasters, particularly in tropical regions such as Semarang City, Indonesia. However, conventional forecasting models often struggle with inaccurate data and observations. This study proposes a novel hybrid combination of SSA-NMF with LSSVR and LSTM, offering high-resolution rainfall forecasting over multiple monitoring stations, to predict daily rainfall. As a preprocessing step, 15 years of daily rainfall data from six observation stations were denoised and decomposed using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) combined with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This approach effectively handled data with many zero values, identified seasonal patterns or high-rainfall locations, and extracted key patterns. The prediction models were trained and validated using parameters optimized through RandomizedSearchCV for LSSVR and Keras Tuner for LSTM. Model performance was evaluated using MSE, RMSE, MAE, and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). The results showed that the SSA-LSTM model consistently outperformed SSA-LSSVR model, with the highest average NSE value being 0.9 across six monitoring locations in Semarang City. Furthermore, the predicted rainfall values were spatially visualized using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, producing informative rainfall distribution maps that support early warning systems and disaster mitigation efforts. In conclusion, the hybrid approach combining SSA-NMF preprocessing with LSTM-based deep learning significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of daily rainfall forecasting. This novel SSA‑NMF + LSSVR/LSTM framework delivers high‑resolution, reliable rainfall forecasts that directly empower disaster risk reduction systems and readily transfer to similar climatic regions.

Improving Diabetes Prediction Performance Using Random Forest Classifier with Hyperparameter Tuning

Novita Lestari Anggreini, Ade Yuliana, Dadan Saepul Ramdan, Wissam Al-Dayyeni — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that poses a serious challenge to global healthcare systems due to its increasing prevalence and the high costs associated with treatment. Although machine learning has been widely adopted to support early diagnosis, many predictive models still underperform due to limited preprocessing strategies and inefficient hyperparameter settings. This study proposes a comprehensive machine learning pipeline to enhance diabetes prediction accuracy by utilizing a Random Forest classifier optimized through systematic hyperparameter tuning. The novelty of this method lies in its integrated approach, which includes thorough preprocessing such as removing duplicate records, handling inconsistent unique values, addressing missing data, and applying the SMOTE technique to overcome class imbalance. Additionally, hyperparameter tuning is conducted using GridSearchCV combined with 5-fold cross-validation, and only the most influential features are selected to improve model interpretability and efficiency. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 95 percent, with a recall of 0.88 and an F1-score of 0.85, indicating its robustness in identifying diabetic cases more effectively than previous studies using standard machine learning algorithms. This model contributes to the development of a reliable and scalable early detection system for diabetes, applicable in clinical decision support environments. Further refinement can be achieved by testing on larger and more diverse datasets or by implementing more efficient tuning techniques such as Bayesian optimization.

Optimizing Alternating Least Squares for Recommender Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Fiddin Yusfida A'la, Nurul Firdaus, Andy Supriyadi — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Recommender systems play a crucial role in various digital platforms by assisting users in discovering relevant items. The research problem addressed in this study is the limited predictive accuracy of ALS-based recommender systems due to suboptimal parameter selection. This study explores how Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be leveraged for parameter optimization to address this limitation. The dataset used is MovieLens 1M, which contains over one million user ratings for thousands of movies. The research process includes data preprocessing, data splitting, model training, and evaluation using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as the primary metrics. The evaluation results indicate a significant improvement in model performance after optimization, with RMSE decreasing from 0.895 to 0.860 and MAE from 0.704 to 0.680. These findings demonstrate that optimization algorithms can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of recommendation systems. This research contributes to the application of swarm-based optimization techniques in enhancing matrix factorization-based recommender systems.

Visual Interpretation of Machine Learning Models (Random Forest) for Lung Cancer Risk Classification Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (SHAP & LIME)

Irwan Fathur Rosyid, Himawan Pramaditya — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and burdensome cancers worldwide, with delayed diagnosis being a persistent challenge—particularly in Indonesia, where no national screening program currently exists. In this collaborative study, we aim to develop an interpretable machine learning model for classifying lung cancer risk levels using the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approach. The CRISP-DM framework was applied, and the dataset underwent cleaning, feature selection, labeling, and transformation, resulting in 152 valid entries. Tree ensemble algorithms—XGBoost, Random Forest, and LightGBM—were used, with Random Forest achieving the best performance at 97.38% accuracy. SHAP and LIME methods were integrated to provide transparent visual interpretations. A web-based system was developed using Streamlit, incorporating these visualizations and automated narrative summaries generated by a language model to assist non-technical users. A simulated case based on a published pediatric lung cancer report was used to demonstrate its interpretability and illustrate its potential applicability in clinical workflows. The proposed system offers an interpretable and scalable solution for early lung cancer risk classification, which may enhance decision support in primary care and promote trust in AI-assisted diagnostics.

A Study Concentration Selection With a C4.5 Algorithm, KNN, and Naive Beyes

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The course of concentration is a crucial aspect for students at the university amikom purwokerto.This decision doesn't just affect their academic journey., but also determine their readiness in the face of the working world.Various factors that affect the concentration selection, the challenges that students face, as well as solutions to help them choose concentrations that fit their interests and career goals.There are still many students who have been confused in deciding which courses best fit their interests and career goals..This confusion is often caused by a lack of adequate information and proper guidance. This study attempts to analyze the lecture amikom purwokerto concentration of students in the universities of the use of the method c4.5 algorithm 3, k-neareset naighbors and naïve beyes. Academic student data used as the basis analysis to determine the dominance in the lecture concentration.Of the result of the research uses phon 60,24 % decision is, there are using k-neareset naighbors 75.36 % and use naïve beyes 100,00 % there are, the prediction could be the basis for deciding the lecture the concentration by mainstream student.The result is expected to help the university in recommended it to students study concentration related to the election.

Classification Of Sea Wave Heights On The North Coast Of Central Java Using Random Forest

Aji Supriyanto, Dwi Agus Diartonor, Budi Hartono, Arief Jananto, Afandi — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Global climate change has triggered an increase in the occurrence of significant wave heights (SWH) and sea level rise (SLR) in coastal areas, including the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia (Pantura). These phenomena directly impact maritime activities, coastal erosion, and tidal flooding. This study aims to classify and predict significant wave height (SWH) and sea level rise (SLR) trends using a machine learning approach based on the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Daily meteorological and oceanographic observation data from 2019 to 2024, provided by BMKG, serve as the main dataset. The dataset includes wind speed, ocean current velocity, air pressure, and wave direction. SWH is categorized into three classes: Calm, Low, and Moderate. The classification model achieved excellent performance with an accuracy of 98.54%, a macro F1-score of 0.942, and maintained strong accuracy even for the minority class (Moderate) despite data imbalance. The RF Regressor for SWH prediction yielded an R² of 0.864, MAE of 0.067, and RMSE of 0.109 m. Visualizations such as scatter plots, boxplots, and heatmaps supported the conclusion that ocean current speed and wave period are key factors influencing SWH. The study concludes that Random Forest is effective for classifying and predicting sea conditions in tropical regions like Pantura, and it is feasible for implementation in data-driven early warning systems to mitigate coastal risks. This contributes to marine safety and coastal risk mitigation planning.

A Hybrid SOAR-BSC-AHP Framework for Strategy Selection in Digital Cultural Tourism

Rahadian Kurniawan, Sri Kusumadewi, Ari Sujarwo — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Digital transformation in cultural tourism presents significant challenges, particularly in heritage villages like Kotagede, Yogyakarta. Problems such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and the absence of a structured planning framework hinder progress toward community-based sustainable tourism development. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an integrated decision-making framework that combines SOAR analysis, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The SOAR-BSC framework captures strategic objectives from qualitative data through focus group discussions and stakeholder interviews, while the AHP quantitatively prioritizes eight strategic alternatives based on hierarchical criteria and subcriteria. The most impactful strategies identified were: (1) developing partnerships with tour operators, and (2) promoting community cultural education and training. The Learning and Growth Perspective emerged as the most influential factor (weight = 0.5549), highlighting the importance of community empowerment and digital skills development. Sensitivity analysis and cross-validation using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method confirmed the consistency and robustness of the rankings. In practice, this framework offers a participatory, data-driven guide for digital transformation in heritage tourism, supporting not only improved destination management but also long-term cultural preservation through inclusive digital initiatives.

Stacking Ensemble RNN-LSTM Models for Forecasting the IDR/USD Exchange Rate with Nonlinear Volatility

Windy Ayu Pratiwi, I Made Sumertajaya , Khairil Anwar Notodiputro — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract - Predicting exchange rates with high volatility and nonlinear patterns presents a critical challenge in financial analysis. Deep learning models such as RNN and LSTM are widely used for their ability to capture temporal dependencies, yet each has limitations when applied individually. This study aims to enhance the prediction accuracy of the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) to US Dollar (USD) exchange rate by implementing a stacking ensemble approach that combines RNN and LSTM models. The dataset consists of 522 weekly observations from January 2015 to December 2024, sourced from the official website of Bank Indonesia (bi.go.id). In the proposed framework, RNN and LSTM serve as base learners, while linear regression acts as the meta-learner. Model performance is evaluated using RMSE, MAPE, and MSE. The results indicate that the stacking ensemble consistently outperforms the individual models, achieving an RMSE of 117.91, a MAPE of 0.01, and an MSE of 13,901.67. The model effectively captures historical patterns and delivers stable and accurate predictions. In conclusion, the stacking ensemble approach developed in this study contributes to the advancement of ensemble learning techniques in computer science and offers practical value for financial decision-makers, particularly in managing complex and dynamic exchange rate scenarios.

Real-Time Traffic Density and Anomaly Monitoring Using YOLOv8, OpenCV and Pattern Recognition for Smart City Applications in Demak

Pratomo Setiaji, Wiwit Agus Triyanto, Maulin Nurhaliza — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urban traffic congestion is a persistent issue in medium-sized cities like Demak, leading to delays and potential accidents. This study presents the development of a real-time vehicle density and anomaly detection system using YOLOv8, combined with OpenCV for video analysis, to monitor traffic flow at strategic entry points of Demak City. The system classifies vehicles into four categories (cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses) and determines their direction by detecting crossing lines. A key feature is the recognition of vehicle patterns, particularly the detection of stopped vehicles, flagging anomalies after 30 seconds of stoppage, with tolerance for temporary detection losses. Traffic data is stored in CSV format, enabling periodic analysis and visualization via an interactive graphical user interface (GUI). Evaluation results show the YOLOv8n model achieves 92.5% precision, 88.3% recall, and 89.7% mean average precision (mAP@0.5), demonstrating improved accuracy and speed over previous YOLO versions. Additionally, the vehicle counting accuracy reaches 94.2% when compared with manual annotations. The proposed system provides a reliable solution for real-time traffic monitoring and early anomaly detection, supporting intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and enabling data-driven traffic management decisions. This research contributes to the advancement of real-time video analytics and pattern recognition for urban traffic control and serves as a scientific reference for the development of smart city infrastructures. Furthermore, this study strengthens the application of pattern recognition in intelligent anomaly detection, providing new insights for researchers in the fields of computer science and informatics.

Development of a Web-Based Management Information System for Student Creativity Program (PKM) Using Extreme Programming and Laravel Framework

Nihayatur Rahmah, Nurul Hidayat, Dwi Kurnia Wibowo — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research originates from the absence of an integrated system for managing the Student Creativity Program (PKM) at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, which has caused inefficiencies in archiving, monitoring, and reporting. To address this problem, a web-based management information system was developed using the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology, selected for its flexibility, iterative process, and strong user involvement. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a system specifically designed for PKM management at the faculty level, which has not been previously available. Unlike prior studies, the system not only supports proposal submission but also integrates review, scoring, revision, and progress monitoring. The development process followed the four main stages of XP: planning, design, coding, and testing, with active user participation in each cycle. Blackbox testing confirmed that all core features functioned properly. The implementation of this system has proven to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability, reduce administrative workload, and contribute to informatics by demonstrating the practical application of the XP methodology in developing academic information systems.

Improving Direct Image Regression for Blood Cell Enumeration with a Fine-Tuned Backbone

Sigit Adinugroho, Yuita Arum Sari, Fitri Utaminingrum — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Complete blood count (CBC) examination provides an important insight for diagnosis or disease treatment. Currently, CBC examination requires complex and expensive devices that limit their deployment in remote area. The development of computer vision based method offers simplification to the process. However, its implementation is limited to the availability of large size labelled dataset. This research aims to develop a direct image regressor that is able to regress directly from image. There are two stages in estimation process. First, the backbone is trained using large dataset available for blood cell classification problem. Then the trained backbone is plugged into the final model by adding a fully connected neural network that acts as regressor. The whole model is then trained using limited whole blood cell count dataset. The evaluation process shows that training the backbone using large size related dataset improve the performance by 50%. This study can be used to create a low-cost blood component evaluation tool, particularly in rural areas where access to advanced laboratory equipment is limited.

Performance Optimization of Support Vector Machine with SMOTE for Multiclass Stunting Prediction in Sumedang District, Indonesia

Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The percentage of stunting toddlers in Sumedang Regency is the highest compared to other nutritional problems. Stunting imposes a significant risk to the future quality of human resources. This study explores the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in predicting the stunting status of toddlers in Tanjungmedar Subdistrict, the region with the highest incidence of stunting cases in Sumedang Regency in 2020. The testing uses RapidMiner software and applies the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to overcome the imbalanced dataset so that the resulting performance can be optimized. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are measured in performance evaluation using a confusion matrix. The findings demonstrate that SMOTE might adjust the distribution of target classes in the dataset to maximize the SVM algorithm's performance. At the start of the test, the SVM model produced an accuracy of 85.10%. After applying SMOTE, the accuracy of the SVM model increased to 89.08%. The F1-score also increased for each class, except for the Normal class, which decreased slightly. These results demonstrate the suitability of SVM combined with SMOTE for health-related multiclass classification tasks, especially in imbalanced public health datasets, contributing to the advancement of applied machine learning in healthcare informatics.

Identification and Classification of Cyber Attacks on ELDIRU UNSOED using Random Forest Algorithm

Justicio Caesario, Nofiyati, Dwi Kurnia Wibowo — Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Academic information systems, such as Eldiru Unsoed, function as vital digital assets vulnerable to cyberattacks, while conventional rule-based Web Application Firewalls exhibit detection weaknesses. Empirical testing in this study shows that the standard ModSecurity with Core Rule Set (CRS) system achieves a recall of only 5.34%, meaning it fails to identify the majority of actual attacks and creates a significant security gap. To address this problem, this research designs a detection system based on the Random Forest algorithm using Nginx server log data, validated with the public CSIC 2010 dataset. The model was developed by engineering hybrid features that include lexical analysis, CRS rule context, and N-grams to classify web traffic. Evaluation results show the proposed Machine Learning-Random Forest (ML-RF) model successfully increases recall from 5.34% to 72.00% and the F1-Score from 10.10% to 80.00%. This improvement in metrics, while maintaining a precision of 91.00%, proves that machine learning integration yields a more balanced and reliable cybersecurity defense mechanism. This research underscores the importance of implementing MLOps workflows for continuous model calibration and retraining to maintain detection effectiveness against evolving threats.

Efficient Evidence Reduction Technique for Mobile Forensics based on Digital Evidence Object (DEO) Model

Arif Rahman Hakim, Lisa Saputri — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Android operating system (OS) is currently the most widely used platform on smartphones, making it a critical source of digital evidence in cybercrime investigations. With its vast array of applications and features, Android OS generates and stores a significant amount of data, much of which may be relevant to criminal activities. Mobile forensics plays a crucial role in identifying and analyzing this information to produce scientifically valid evidence. However, the process of acquiring and examining data from a smartphone’s internal storage typically results in large and complex datasets that can hinder timely forensic analysis. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the implementation of the DEO Model using Python to reduce the volume of digital evidence obtained from Android-based smartphones. The DEO Model employs a structured filtering approach, narrowing the dataset to only those objects relevant to a predefined scenario. This is achieved by applying DEO parameters based on the 5W category theory (Why, When, Where, What, Who), resulting in an optimal and focused dataset. The findings demonstrate that the Python-based DEO Model significantly accelerates the mobile forensic process, and effectively reduces dataset size while both maintaining the evidence integrity and the scenario relevance. The model achieves a very low False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0,00072, indicating a minimal risk of mismatches during the object reduction process. Therefore, the findings confirm the validity and accuracy of the digital evidence obtained. This research highlights the potential of the Python-based DEO Model to enhance the efficiency of forensic investigations on Android smartphones.

Interpretable Machine Learning for Employee Recruitment Prediction Using Boruta, CatBoost, Lasso, Logistic Regression, NLP, and RFE Feature Selection

Aswan Supriyadi Sunge, Suzanna, Hamzah Muhammad Mardi Putra — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Employee recruitment is one of the crucial processes in human resource management that has a direct impact on the performance and success of the company. In the digital era, the use of Machine Learning (ML) in candidate selection processes is increasingly prevalent due to its ability to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and transparency. This research is important because conventional recruitment methods often face issues such as subjective bias, slow processing times, and limitations in assessing a candidate’s true potential. ML offers a more objective, data-driven, and faster approach, enabling companies to identify the best candidates more effectively. This study aims to identify the main features that influence recruitment decisions, as well as evaluate the effectiveness and interpretability of several ML models, namely Boruta, CatBoost, Lasso Regression, Logistic Regression, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). This study uses a dataset consisting of 1,501 samples with 10 features and one class variable (0 = Not Hired, 1 = Hired). The evaluation is carried out based on the ability of each model to identify the features that make the most significant contribution to the classification results. This study has several limitations, particularly the potential bias in the data, such as demographic bias that may be reflected in historical recruitment decisions. This could lead the ML models to replicate or even reinforce such biases. Additionally, the limited dataset size may affect the models' ability to generalize to new data. In the context of this study, the main parameter used to assess the superiority of the model is the most dominant feature or the highest feature produced by each method. The test results show that the Boruta model identifies Gender as the most influential feature, while the CatBoost, Lasso Regression, Logistic Regression, and NLP models consistently place Recruitment Strategy as the most significant feature in predicting candidate eligibility. Meanwhile, the RFE model produces Distance from the Company as the highest feature that influences recruitment decisions. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach that integrates feature interpretability models within the real-world context of recruitment decision-making. This approach not only emphasizes prediction accuracy but also promotes transparency and a clear understanding of the rationale behind each decision. It supports the development of a fairer and more accountable selection process, particularly by minimizing unconscious bias in data-driven recruitment systems. From a practical standpoint, the findings are highly relevant for human resource professionals, as the identified key features can be used to design more objective selection strategies and enhance the efficiency of candidate evaluations. Therefore, this study makes a tangible contribution to the advancement of modern, technology-based recruitment systems that prioritize fairness and decision-making efficiency. Additionally, the selection of evaluation metrics could be further elaborated to strengthen the analysis, for example by presenting the overall accuracy of each model or comparing them with alternative approaches to provide a more comprehensive view of the models' performance.

GWO-Enhanced Hybrid Deep Learning with SHAP for Explainable TLKM.JK Stock Forecasting

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents an innovative Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-enhanced hybrid deep learning model integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and Transformer, combined with SHAP for interpretable stock price forecasting of TLKM.JK from July 29, 2024, to July 29, 2025. Addressing non-linear market dynamics, the model evaluates seven experimental cases, with the GWO-optimized configuration (Case 2) achieving superior performance, with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 75.23, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 58.14, and Directional Accuracy (DA) of 76.2%, surpassing the baseline by 17.4% in RMSE and 8.1% in DA. Notably, Case 2 excels during the April 2025 surge (11.8% increase, MAE 53, DA 82%) and the high-volume day of May 28, 2025 (531,309,500 shares, MAE 48), leveraging Volume (SHAP 0.45) and RSI (0.28) as key predictors. With a 4-hour convergence time on an NVIDIA RTX 3060 GPU, the model ensures computational efficiency and interpretability, making it a robust tool for traders. Despite limitations in single-stock focus and GPU dependency, this framework advances AI-driven financial forecasting by offering transparent, high-accuracy predictions, paving the way for multi-stock applications and real-time SHAP updates.

Forecasting Indonesian Banking Stock Prices Using Prophet, XGBoost, and Ridge Regression: A Comparative Analysis

Tony, Manlika Ratchagit, Lely Hiryanto — Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the efficacy of Prophet, XGBoost, and Ridge Regression in forecasting stock prices of four major Indonesian banks—Bank Central Asia (BBCA.JK), Bank Negara Indonesia (BBNI.JK), Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BBRI.JK), and Bank Mandiri (BMRI.JK)—using daily historical data from January 2020 to March 2025, sourced from Yahoo Finance. The banking sector's volatility, evidenced by year-to-date declines ranging from 7.59% (BBCA) to 22.69% (BMRI) as of May 1, 2025, underscores the need for accurate predictive models. Performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), revealing Ridge Regression as the superior method, consistently achieving the lowest errors (i.e., MAE of 23.81 for BBNI.JK and RMSE of 55.75 for BBCA.JK). Prophet exhibited the highest errors, suggesting its seasonal focus is less suited to stock price unpredictability, while XGBoost performed moderately better but lagged behind Ridge Regression. The results highlight Ridge Regression’s effectiveness in handling multicollinearity and noise in financial data. Our discussions emphasize the importance of model selection based on data characteristics, with implications for investment decision-making in the Indonesian market. This research contributes to the field of computational finance by providing a comparative analysis that not only identifies Ridge Regression as a superior method for forecasting stock prices but also illuminates the limitations of popular models like Prophet and XGBoost in handling financial data's unique characteristics, guiding future model selection and development. Future research could explore hybrid models to enhance accuracy across varied market conditions, addressing the study’s 60-day forecasting horizon limitation.

Comparison of Time Series Algorithms Using SARIMA and Prophet in Predicting Short-Term Bitcoin Prices

Muhammad Zidan Brilliant, Triyanna Widiyaningtyas, Wahyu Caesarendra — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Digital finance, particularly Bitcoin, has become a global phenomenon with high volatility, posing great challenges for traders in predicting short-term prices. This study compares the performance of the SARIMA and Prophet algorithms in predicting short-term Bitcoin prices using daily closing price data from October 1, 2014, to October 1, 2024. The study utilizes two different data timeframes, a 10-year dataset (2014-2024) and the last 5 years (2019-2024) for comparative analysis. The SEMMA methodology is used to analyze and compare the two algorithms, which consist of the stages Sample, Explore, Modify, Model, and Assess. The experimental results show that SARIMA provides more stable and consistent results with an MAPE value of 1.24% and RMSE of 896.15 in Scenario 1 and an MAPE value of 1.27% and RMSE of 920.24 in Scenario 2. In contrast, Prophet shows different performance in each scenario. In Scenario 1, Prophet shows optimal results but not so good with an average MAPE of 1.74% and an RMSE value of 1214.86. On the other hand, Prophet showed good performance in Scenario 2 with a lower average MAPE of 0.71% and a smaller RMSE of 489.94, indicating Prophet's ability to handle newer and more dynamic datasets. Both models show their respective advantages; SARIMA is better for long and stable historical data, while Prophet is more effective for shorter and dynamic data. This research provides practical insights for traders and investors in choosing the right prediction model, with results for further study in predicting crypto asset prices.

An Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization with Mutation for Mean-Value-at-Risk Portfolio Optimization in the Indonesian Banking Sector

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Portfolio optimization in emerging markets is challenging because high volatility and non-normal return distributions reduce the effectiveness of traditional mean–variance models, which tend to underestimate downside risk. This study aims to develop and evaluate an Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization with Mutation (PSO with Mutation) for portfolio optimization under the Mean-Value-at-Risk (Mean-VaR) framework in the Indonesian banking sector. The novelty of this approach lies in integrating a mutation operator into standard PSO to maintain population diversity, prevent premature convergence, and improve exploration of the solution space. To evaluate the method, daily adjusted closing prices of 31 Indonesian bank stocks from January 2020 to July 2025 were collected. Preprocessing included removing tickers with incomplete data and computing daily returns. The optimization problem was formulated using Mean-VaR as the risk measure, with portfolio weight constraints. The proposed PSO with Mutation was benchmarked against standard PSO, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Bat Algorithm (BA), BA with Mutation, and classical models (Markowitz and Monte Carlo–based VaR). Performance was assessed using expected return, Mean-VaR, risk-adjusted return, Sharpe ratio, execution time, and stability across 25 independent runs. The results show that PSO with Mutation achieved a competitive expected return (0.0020), the lowest Mean-VaR (0.0311), the highest risk-adjusted return (0.0650), and the lowest variability across runs, while maintaining acceptable execution time. These findings confirm that mutation-enhanced PSO provides a robust, balanced, and efficient solution for portfolio optimization, making it highly relevant for investors in volatile emerging markets and advancing research on hybrid metaheuristics in financial optimization.

DEGREE: Development and Validation of a User Experience Model for Digital Educational Games Using Cronbach’s Alpha and Fuzzy Logic

Mei Parwanto Kurniawan, M. Suyanto, Ema Utami, Kusrini — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of digital educational games demands an evaluation model that accurately captures user experience and adopts a human-centred approach. This study introduces DEGREE (Digital Educational Game Review and Evaluation Engine), an enhanced model extending MEEGA+ by incorporating two previously underrepresented dimensions: Control and Feedback. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to high school students who actively use Minecraft and Duolingo, yielding 4800 responses.
Reliability analysis via Cronbach’s Alpha revealed that the Player Experience + Control combination achieved the highest score (α = 0.914), while the inclusion of Feedback reduced reliability (α = 0.864), leading to its exclusion in the final model. The DEGREE model consists of two core domains: Usability (Aesthetics, Learnability, Operability, Accessibility) and Player Experience (Focused Attention, Fun, Challenge, Social Interaction, Confidence, Relevance, Satisfaction, Perceived Learning, User Error Protection, Control). Evaluation scores were calculated using the Fuzzy Weighted Average (FWA) method and Mean of Maximum (MoM) defuzzification. The Control dimension emerged as the most influential (0.2735), followed by Fun (0.2664) and Satisfaction (0.2516), highlighting the significance of user agency in digital learning environments. The DEGREE model offers a statistically robust and user-oriented framework for evaluating educational games, delivering actionable insights for developers and educators to design more effective and engaging digital learning experiences. This study contributes a new validated and generalizable evaluation framework that strengthens the theoretical foundation of user experience assessment in educational game design.

Analyzing ChatGPT’s Impact on Graduates’ Communication, Collaboration, and Logical Thinking Skills Using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

Raja Alan Hasri, Eka Miranda — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid rise of ChatGPT in Indonesia—now the third-highest user base worldwide—raises questions about its impact on essential soft skills for new graduates. Recent evidence warns that while ChatGPT supports academic and professional tasks, it may also reduce critical thinking, collaboration, and communication if not properly guided. This study aims to evaluate how ChatGPT usage affects communication, collaboration, and logical thinking skills among recent graduates in Jabodetabek. A cross-sectional survey of 384 respondents was conducted, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) demonstrated strong explanatory power, with R² values of 0.830 for Behavioral Intention, 0.699 for Actual Use, and 0.651 for Attitude Toward Use. Hypothesis testing confirmed significant effects, including Perceived Ease of Use on Perceived Usefulness (β = 0.946; t = 172.023; p < 0.001) and Behavioral Intention on Actual Use (β = 0.836; t = 50.416; p < 0.001). Positive attitudes toward ChatGPT were strongly associated with enhanced teamwork, communication, and logical reasoning. This study contributes to the discourse on digital literacy and educational technology in Southeast Asia, demonstrating that ChatGPT can strengthen graduate employability when integrated with proper guidance and ethical use. The findings provide practical implications for computer science and education fields, offering a framework for balancing AI adoption with the preservation of critical human skills.

A User-Driven E-Audit System for Improving Transparency and Efficiency in Regional Government Supervision

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Internal audit processes in regional government institutions often face challenges such as time inefficiency, low transparency, and poorly digitized documentation. This study aims to develop an E-Audit system to enhance the effectiveness of internal supervision in a regional inspectorate environment. Employing a user-centered design approach and a structured system development methodology, this research involved key roles—auditors, technical controllers, and follow-up teams—throughout the design and testing stages. The developed system integrates three core phases of the audit process—planning, reporting, and follow-up—into a single, modular, and interactive digital platform. Implementation results indicate a significant improvement in audit efficiency, with a reduction of more than 50% in process duration compared to manual methods. The system also enhances documentation consistency through digital audit trails, role-based dashboards, and automatic reporting features. User acceptance testing revealed a high level of satisfaction, with users highlighting the system’s ease of use, increased accuracy, and alignment with daily audit tasks. Additionally, user feedback emphasized the need for integrated notification features and inter-unit communication tools, indicating readiness for more advanced digital transformation. Overall, this study provides practical value as a model for digital audit implementation at the regional government level while contributing to the advancement of Computer Science through the application of software engineering principles and information systems to support digital government oversight. The developed E-Audit model can serve as a reference for designing real-time collaborative public auditing systems relevant to the development of information systems engineering and computational governance.

Development of a Distributed Gradient Boosting Forest Algorithm with Residual Connections in Data Classification

Rayhan Dhafir Respati, Sopian Soim, Mohammad Fadhli — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The growing complexity and volume of data across various domains necessitate machine learning models that are scalable and robust for large-scale classification tasks. Ensemble methods such as Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT) demonstrate effectiveness; however, they encounter issues concerning scalability and training stability when applied to very deep architectures. This work presents a novel enhancement using residual connections derived from deep neural networks into the Distributed Gradient Boosting Forest (DGBF) algorithm. By enabling direct gradient propagation across layers, residual connections solve the vanishing gradient problem and so improve gradient flow, accelerate convergence, and stabilise the training process. The Residual DGBF model was assessed using seven distinct datasets across the domains of cybersecurity, financial fraud, phishing, and malware detection. The Residual DGBF consistently surpassed the baseline DGBF in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score across all datasets. Particularly in datasets marked by imbalanced classes and complex feature interactions, this suggests improved generalisation and higher predictive accuracy. By proving more stable and strong gradients across the depth of the model, layer-wise gradient magnitude analysis supports these improvements and so confirms the effectiveness of residual connections in deep ensemble learning. This work improves ensemble techniques by combining the scalability and interpretability of decision tree ensembles with the residual architecture optimising benefits. The proposed Residual DGBF enables future research on enhanced deep boosting frameworks by offering a strong and scalable method to address challenging real-world classification tasks.

Enhancing BERTopic with Neural Network Clustering for Thematic Analysis of U.S. Presidential Speeches

Sajarwo Anggai, Rafi Mahmud Zain, Tukiyat, Arya Adhyaksa Waskita — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Understanding the underlying themes in presidential speeches is critical for analyzing political discourse and determining public policy direction. However, topic modeling in this context presents difficulties, particularly when clustering semantically rich topics from high-dimensional embeddings. This study seeks to improve topic modeling performance by incorporating a Neural Network Clustering (NNC) approach into the BERTopic pipeline. We analyze 2,747 speeches delivered by U.S President Joe Biden (2021-2025) and compare three clustering techniques: HDBSCAN, KMeans, and the proposed Autoencoder-based NNC. The evaluation metrics (UMass, NPMI, Topic Diversity) show that NNC produces the most coherent and diverse topic clusters (UMass = -0.4548, NPMI = 0.0234, Diversity = 0.3950, ). These findings show that NNC can overcome the limitations of density and centroid-based clustering in high-dimensional semantic spaces. The study contributes to the field of Natural Language Processing by demonstrating how neural-based clustering can improve topic modeling, particularly for complex, real-world political corpora.

Comparative Study of BiLSTM and GRU for Sentiment Analysis on Indonesian E-Commerce Product Reviews Using Deep Sequential Modeling

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sentiment analysis plays a crucial role in understanding customer perspectives, especially within Indonesian e-commerce platforms. Despite the success of deep learning in high-resource languages, its application to Indonesian sentiment data remains underexplored. Previous studies using models like BERT-CNN or fine-tuned IndoBERT achieved modest results, highlighting the need for more effective architectures for Indonesian language. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models in classifying buyers’ sentiment from Indonesian product reviews on the PREDECT-ID dataset comprising 5,400 annotated product reviews. Standard NLP preprocessing techniques—including text normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming—were applied. Both models were trained using Adam and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizers, and their performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The GRU model trained with SGD achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 94.07%, precision of 93.84%, recall of 94.53%, and F1-score of 94.18%. Notably, the BiLSTM model combined with SGD resulted in competitive results, achieving 93.61% accuracy and 93.84% F1-score. The results confirm that GRU with SGD optimizer, are highly effective for sentiment classification in Indonesian language datasets. By leveraging deep sequential modeling for a low-resource language, this study contributes to the advancement of scalable sentiment analysis systems in underrepresented linguistic domains. The results contribute to the advancement of NLP systems for Indonesian by providing a benchmark for the future development of sentiment analysis tools in low-resource languages.

Comparison of ANOVA and Chi-Square Feature Selection Methods to Improve Machine Learning Performance in Anemia Classification

Tiko Nur Annisa, Jasmir Jasmir , Nurhadi Nurhadi — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Anemia is a prevalent hematological condition marked by decreased hemoglobin concentration in the blood, which can lead to serious health complications if undetected. Although machine learning has shown potential in supporting early diagnosis, its effectiveness is often hindered by irrelevant or excessive features. This study investigates the impact of ANOVA and Chi-Square feature selection methods in improving the effectiveness of three distinct machine learning models algorithms, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for anemia classification. Using a Kaggle dataset consisting of 15,300 instances and 25 features, the evaluation of each model was conducted with reference to its accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, both before and after applying feature selection. Experimental results show a substantial improvement in classification performance after feature selection, with the SVM + ANOVA combination achieving the highest accuracy of 94.61%. In contrast, models without feature selection performed below 90%, highlighting the need for appropriate feature reduction techniques. This study contributes a comparative analysis framework for medical data classification, emphasizing the role of statistical feature selection in optimizing model accuracy. Its novelty lies in demonstrating consistent performance improvement across algorithms using real-world anemia data and providing evidence that ANOVA and Chi-Square can significantly enhance model generalization in medical diagnostic contexts.

A Random Forest and SMOTE-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

PTC (Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma) is one subtype of thyroid cancer occurred most frequently in thyroid cancer cases. Although the prognosis of this cancer is typically positive, its recurrence remains a key challenge requiring early detection. This study proposes machine learning models to predict PTC recurrence, explicitly addressing the inherent class imbalance in the recurrence data. This study implemented three supervised learning algorithms, namely Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the dataset. SMOTE was chosen for its capacity to generate synthetic minority class samples while minimizing information loss, thus effectively addressing class imbalance and improving classification outcomes. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall (sensitivity), and F1-score. Among all approaches tested, RF with SMOTE demonstrated superior performance, achieving 0.98 accuracy, perfect precision (1.0), high recall (sensitivity) (0.95), and a strong F1-score (0.97), outperforming previous methods including SMOTEENN-based approaches. The result of this study demonstrates SMOTE specifically outperforms SMOTEENN in this clinical context, likely due to better preservation of subtle prognostic indicators with minimal information loss. This improvement suggests SMOTE's effectiveness in preserving valuable decision boundary information while addressing class imbalance in PTC recurrence prediction. These findings establish RF with SMOTE as a robust and well-balanced approach for predicting PTC recurrence, contributing significantly to the development of more precise and responsive AI-driven decision support tools for thyroid cancer.

Performance Comparison and Seo Optimization Between Laravel Blade and Laravel Inertia in The Development of The Muncak.Id Website in Indonesia

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climbing mountains in Indonesia requires careful preparation, especially in understanding safe hiking routes and related information. A hiking route information website serves as a practical solution for hikers to access data easily and quickly. This study compares the performance and SEO optimization between Laravel Blade and Laravel Inertia in the development of the muncak.id website, which provides information on mountain hiking routes. The performance indicator tested is execution time, measured using Laravel Dusk. One of the test results for the hiking route access feature shows that Laravel Inertia Vue.js has an average execution time of 1.56 seconds, which is faster compared to Laravel Blade, which reached 3.89 seconds. In terms of SEO, both websites show good quality with no issues found. However, there are still opportunities for improvement in some areas marked as warnings and opportunities. Overall, Laravel Inertia with Vue.js proves superior in performance and consistency, as well as more effective in SEO optimization, making it the better choice for developing informative websites.

A Comparative Analysis of Color Channel-Based Feature Extraction using Machine Learning versus Deep Learning for Food Recognition

Yuita Arum Sari, Dwi Cahya Astria Nugraha, Sigit Adinugroho — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Automated Dietary Assessment Accurate food recognition is a big challenge in computer vision which is critical for developing Automated Dietary assessment and health monitoring systems. The key question it answered was whether traditional machine learning with feature engineering by hand can beat modern deep learning approaches? In this Context, this study serves as a comparative analysis of these two paradigms. The baseline method worked by extracting texture (LBP,GLCM) and color information from different channels of five colors spaces (RGB, HSV, LAB, YUV,YCbCr) followed by feeding these features into multiple classifiers such as Nearest Neighbor(NN), Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes. These were then compared to deep learning models (MobileNet_v2, ResNet18, ResNet50, EfficientNet_B0). The best traditional one can reach an accuracy of 93.33%, using texture features extracted from the UV channel and classified with a NN. Nevertheless, the deep learning models consistently presented higher performance and MobileNet_v2 reached up to 94.9% accuracy without requiring manual feature selection. In this paper, we show that end-to-end deep learning models are more powerful and error robust for food recognition. These results highlight their promise for constructing more effective and scalable real-world applications with less need for intricate, domain-specific feature engineering.

Security and Performance Evaluation of PPTP-Based VPN with AES Encryption in Enterprise Network Environments

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of the current digital era, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) serve a critical function in ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted across public networks, particularly within corporate environments. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of VPN security and performance, with a specific focus on the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) and the implementation of encryption algorithms such as AES-128 and AES-256. Despite the widespread adoption of PPTP due to its simplicity and broad compatibility, it exhibits significant security vulnerabilities, primarily stemming from its reliance on the outdated RC4-based Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) and the susceptible MS-CHAP authentication protocol, which is highly vulnerable to brute-force and dictionary attacks. Empirical findings indicate that, although AES-128 and AES-256 introduce minor performance trade-offs compared to unencrypted configurations, AES-256 demonstrates markedly enhanced security, achieving a 98.9% authentication success rate and a threat detection time of 122 milliseconds. Nevertheless, increased user load adversely impacts network performance, with throughput declining from 95 Mbps to 40 Mbps as the user count rises from 5 to 50, accompanied by elevated latency and packet loss. Comparative analysis across three encryption scenarios AES-128, AES-256, and MPPE-PPTP reveals a consistent degradation in network performance as user load increases, with AES-256 offering the strongest security at the cost of slightly reduced throughput and increased latency under high-load conditions. MPPE-PPTP, while providing better throughput, lacks adequate security, making it unsuitable for high-risk environments. Based on these observations, this study recommends the implementation of AES-256 encryption in enterprise networks requiring high security, supported by continuous performance monitoring and strategic capacity planning. Furthermore, the adoption of a secure site-to-site VPN architecture is proposed to facilitate reliable and secure communication between geographically distributed office locations.

Monkeypox Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) Pruned Residual Network-50 (ResNet-50) Architecture on Flutter Framework

Irfan Priatna, Ipung Permadi, Nofiyati — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The monkeypox outbreak, which was previously only found in Africa, has now spread to other continents, including Asia, causing public concern as it occurred shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared over. This disease has symptoms similar to cowpox, chickenpox, and measles, making early detection based on visual observation difficult. To address this issue, various studies have developed Deep Learning (DL)-based classification models using datasets such as WSI, MSID, MCSI, and MSLD v2, which are also utilized in this research. This study proposes a pruned ResNet-50 model using the Global MP method for pruning and QAT for quantization. These modifications not only maintain the model's performance with an accuracy of 94.44%, precision of 94.12%, recall of 94.71%, and F1-score of 94.16%, but also significantly reduce the model size to just 20.993 MB. As a result, the model can be implemented on Android devices with limited resources, enabling rapid and practical early detection of monkeypox in the field without requiring large-scale servers. Blackbox testing results show that the Flutter-based application utilizing this model performs well, potentially providing tangible support for medical personnel and the public in monitoring the spread of monkeypox in a more efficient and accessible manner.

Design and Evaluation of a Hybrid AES-ECC Model for Secure Server Communication using REST API

Made Wisnu Adhi Saputra, Roy Rudolf Huizen, Dandy Pramana Hostiadi — Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Security in server-to-server communication is essential, especially in open networks vulnerable to data breaches and service disruptions. However, many existing solutions rely on a single cryptographic algorithm, limiting their ability to address diverse threats. This study aims to develop and evaluate a hybrid security model by combining the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of transmitted data. An experimental approach is applied through direct implementation in server communication. The model uses AES for symmetric encryption, ECC for dynamic session key exchange, and JSON Web Token (JWT) reinforced by nonce, timestamp, and HMAC-SHA256 for authentication and integrity verification. Test results show the model detects payload modification, replay attacks, JWT manipulation, and passive interception, with processing time still within an acceptable range. Communication efficiency is maintained with negligible payload overhead. The novelty of this research lies in integrating hybrid encryption with stateless authentication and integrity validation into a unified architecture. This integration allows security elements to be delivered systematically via REST API, making the model easy to adopt in existing architectures. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of secure API-based communication frameworks in the field of informatics, providing a practical, adaptable, and scalable solution for protecting data in distributed information systems.

Garbage Image Classification Using Deep Learning: A Performance Comparison of InceptionResNetV2 vs ResNet50

Rismiyati, Axelliano Rafael Situmeang, Khadijah, Sukmawati Nur Endah — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Garbage problem is a worldwide problem. Efforts to address garbage problem have been performed in several aspect, including automatic garbage classification to support automatic garbage sortation in small scale. In the field of garbage classification, deep learning has been widely used because of its ability to learn feature and also to classify with high accuracy. Several promising architectures in deep learning such as ResNet50 and InceptionNet have been used for this classification task. InceptionResNet is introduced to combine the strength of both architectures. This research aims to classify Garbage Classification data set which consist of 15150 images from 12 classes by using InceptionResNetV2 architecture. In addition, experiment by using ResNet-50 is also performed to provide comparison of its performance. During experiment, Hyperparamater tuning was performed, namely the learning rate, dropout rate, and the number of neuron in the dense layer. The results show that InceptionResNetV2 outperform ResNet50 in all scenarios. This architecture is able to achieve highest accuracy of 97.54%. Even though the classification time is longer for InceptionResNetV2, this finding is able to prove the outstanding performance of InceptionResNetV2 in garbage classification. This study contributes to the field of garbage classification by introducing robust and better model for better classification.

Stacking-Based Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron for Dysarthria Detection Using MFCC Features

Ardi Pujiyanta, Fiftin Noviyanto, Taufiq Ismail — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The manual diagnosis of dysarthria is often time-consuming and requires the expertise of trained specialists, which can delay early intervention and treatment. This study aims to develop an automated detection system to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are used as the primary features, and three classification models are evaluated: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and a stacking ensemble that combines both. The evaluation is conducted on a dataset of 240 audio samples. Experimental results show that the stacking ensemble achieves the highest performance, with an accuracy of 97.92%, surpassing SVM (95.83%) and MLP (93.75%). These findings highlight the significant potential of voice-based classification to accelerate dysarthria diagnosis, thus supporting clinical screening and speech therapy applications.

VGG16-Based Feature Extraction for Arabic Alphabet Sign Language Classification to Support Qur'anic Tadarus Accessibility

Aris Rakhmadi, Anton Yudhana, Sunardi — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the limited availability of automated recognition systems for Arabic Alphabet Sign Language (ArSL), particularly in facilitating Qur’anic Tadarus for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. While research on American and Indonesian sign languages has advanced significantly, ArSL studies, especially for static alphabet gestures, remain underrepresented. The aim of this research is to develop an accurate and efficient ArSL classifier using the VGG16 convolutional neural network with transfer learning. The study employs the publicly available RGB Arabic Alphabets Sign Language Dataset, comprising 7,856 annotated images across 31 Hijaiyah letters, collected under varied backgrounds and lighting conditions. The proposed model integrates pretrained ImageNet weights with a customized classification head, trained through a two-stage fine-tuning process with data augmentation. The model achieves 97.07% test accuracy, performing competitively against a ResNet-18 baseline (98.0%) while offering a simpler architecture suitable for resource-constrained deployments. Evaluation using precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrix shows consistently high performance, with minor misclassifications among visually similar letters. This work demonstrates a novel application of VGG16-based deep learning for ArSL recognition, contributing to inclusive religious education and accessibility technologies.

Improving Extreme Gradient Boosting Model for Heart Disease Prediction Using SMOTE for Class Imbalance

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The goal of this study is to come up with an intelligent predictive model that can classify the severity of heart disease. The model will employ both XGBoost and oversampling to resolve the problem of data imbalance. In addition, the model will be implemented for real-world application using an interactive interface. The study uses the UCI Heart Disease dataset, which includes many clinical features. Preprocessing involves handling missing values, removal of features with a substantial fraction of missing values, and the use of SMOTE resampling for learning from class-balanced instances. The main classifier that was used for the research purposes was the XGBoost classifier, while the dataset was split 80:20 for training and testing purposes. For ease of individual-level real-time testing of the predictions, the model is implemented through Streamlit. The XGBoost model worked extraordinarily well, with the accuracy standing at 92%, as did precision along with recall, as well as the F1-score, being 92%. These findings clearly outperform other current studies of the same sort that have made use of alternative classifiers. In addition, its deployment using Streamlit makes it even more clinically applicable. Innovation The novelty of the research lies in the combined application of SMOTE with XGBoost, enabling effective classification under imbalanced conditions, along with the real-time implementation using Streamlit for user-level predictions. The model is of high value for early identification and stratification of the severity of heart disease in clinical decision support settings.

Enhancing Accessibility in Local Government Data Portals via Retrieval- Augmented Generation: A Case Study on Satu Data Indonesia in Banyumas Regency

Agus Nur Hadie, Imam Tahyudin, Taqwa Hariguna — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Public access to local government data in Indonesia, such as that in the Satu Data Indonesia portal for Banyumas Regency, is severely hampered by outdated search interfaces and the technical complexity of handling heterogeneous data formats like PDF, Excel, and CSV. This research directly addresses this accessibility gap by designing, developing, and evaluating an intelligent question-answering system. We introduce a novel application of a Retrieval- Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture tailored for Indonesian local government data. The core novelty lies in our methodology for handling heterogeneous data formats (PDF, Excel, CSV) by integrating a low-code orchestrator (n8n) with a high-performance vector database (pgvector), a practical solution for a common public sector challenge. The system utilizes the text-embedding-3-large model for semantic understanding and gpt-4.1 for generating grounded, factual answers. The system's effectiveness was rigorously validated, achieving a perfect 100% score across accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score on defined test cases. Crucially, usability testing with end-users confirmed the system is perceived as significantly more efficient and user-friendly than manual data searching. The primary impact of this work is a validated, replicable blueprint for local governments to democratize public information. By transforming complex data retrieval into an intuitive conversation, this research offers a practical AI solution to enhance governmental transparency and citizen engagement.

Mosquito Species Classification Using Wingbeat Acoustic Signals Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory

Bella Melati Wiranur Dwifani, Fatan Kasyidi, Ridwan Ilyas — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue, chikungunya, and malaria underscores the urgent need for effective mosquito vector monitoring. This study proposes a non-invasive classification system of mosquito species based on wingbeat acoustic signals using a deep learning approach with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM). The audio dataset was collected from the Wingbeats repository, consisting of six major mosquito species. Preprocessing was performed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to reduce noise. Feature extraction combined Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel-Spectrogram to represent spectral and temporal signal characteristics. Each binary model was trained in a one-vs-rest scheme to recognize a target species against others, and a BaggingClassifier was used to fuse predictions from six BiLSTM models. Evaluation showed that the proposed system achieved a final accuracy of 96.85% and F1-score of 95.03%, with confusion matrices showing near-diagonal performance. The results indicate that the hybrid LPC-Mel features and ensemble BiLSTM architecture are effective for mosquito species classification using acoustic signals.

Development of a Smart Environment Maturity Model for Green Industry in North Maluku's Mining Villages, Indonesia

Assaf Arief, Heri Apriyanto, Miftah Muhammad, Endah Harisun — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The smart environment maturity model for sustainable mining village areas in North Maluku Province has become a primary demand for the transformation towards sustainable green smart villages. North Maluku, one of Indonesia's largest mining industry provinces, includes the Halmahera and Obi archipelagos as sources of nickel, iron ore/sand, gold, and silver mines. This study aims to develop a maturity model that integrates Indonsian regulations to support green industry implementation in mining villages. The methodology employs Systematic Literature Review to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs), validated through expert judgment using 5-point Likert scale assessment. The research results yield eight key dimensions, 25 sub-dimensions, and five maturity levels: underdeveloped, developing, self-reliant, advanced, and smart villages. Expert validation achieved an overall average score of 3.65/5.0, indicating moderate acceptance with improvement areas identified in local culture and technology dimensions. The developed framework provides a foundation for environmental informatics applications and decision support systems in rural development contexts. The model addresses national regulations concerning green industry while providing an adaptive framework for archipelago regions, serving as a reference for policy formulation and village fund allocation based on environmental indicators.

Comparative Analysis of ArUco Marker Detection Techniques Using Adaptive Thresholding, CLAHE, and Kalman Filter for Smart Cane Applications

Koko Edy Yulianto, Rujianto Eko Saputro, Fandy Setyo Utomo — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of three image processing techniques Adaptive Thresholding, CLAHE, and Kalman Filter in enhancing the performance of ArUco marker detection for a smart cane system designed for visually impaired individuals at SLB Kuncup Mas Banyumas. The evaluation method includes detection accuracy, marker position precision, and computational time required by each technique under two different lighting conditions: daytime and nighttime. The results show that all three image processing techniques successfully achieved a 100% detection accuracy for ArUco markers. However, significant differences were observed in computational time, with Kalman Filter demonstrating the fastest processing speed, making it the most efficient option for real-time applications requiring quick response. CLAHE and Adaptive Thresholding performed better in uneven lighting conditions, although they required longer computational times. Kalman Filter is therefore recommended for marker-based navigation systems in environments demanding fast response times, while CLAHE and Adaptive Thresholding are better suited for settings with variable lighting intensities. The implications of these findings open opportunities for developing adaptive navigation systems capable of dynamically adjusting image preprocessing methods based on real-time environmental conditions. This study contributes practically to the advancement of assistive navigation technologies for visually impaired individuals, particularly in the development of visual marker-based detection systems. The results also provide a useful guideline for selecting appropriate image processing techniques according to environmental characteristics, thereby improving the accuracy and adaptability of navigation systems across diverse lighting conditions and operational environments.

SN Systemic Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Indonesian Television Using Soft Systems Methodology

Ciptono Setyobudi, Ratih Damayanti, Teguh Setiawan IS — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The television industry faces significant challenges due to digital disruption, particularly the increasingly widespread penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. AI has the potential to optimize production, distribution, and audience preference analysis, but its implementation faces the complexities of unstructured social systems. This study aims to explore the systemic application of AI using a Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach to identify, analyze, and optimize its use in the television industry. The research method used was qualitative with a case study design at a national television station. The SSM process was carried out through seven stages, starting from exploring the problem situation, compiling rich pictures, analyzing CATWOE, and formulating and evaluating corrective actions. Data were collected through literature review, participant observation, and internal document analysis. The results show that SSM is effective in identifying strategic areas for AI optimization, particularly in audience segmentation, content automation, and broadcast management. The resulting framework is flexible, participatory, and responsive to the social dynamics of media organizations. The impact of this research is a contribution to the development of media information systems and technology, as well as expanding the scope of soft methodologies in responding to the challenges of digital transformation in an adaptive and sustainable manner.

Quantitative Analysis of the Key Factors Driving Cybersecurity Awareness Among Information Systems Users

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cybersecurity threats are increasingly complex and widespread, posing significant risks to individuals and organizations. However, many studies tend to address the technological or behavioral aspects separately. The study uses a survey-based quantitative approach using PLS-SEM to analyze key factors that influence cybersecurity awareness, including demographics, training, psychological bias, and organizational culture. The findings suggest that several constructs-such as threat awareness, perceived risk, and education-significantly predict cybersecurity awareness and behaviour. Notably, the model yields an R² value of up to 0.703 with a strong path significance (p < 0.05), which underscores the robustness of the relationship. This study offers an integrated perspective on cybersecurity by bridging the psychological, educational, and organizational dimensions. It highlights cybersecurity awareness as a mediating construct that links upstream factors to secure user behavior-a relational structure that has not been explored in previous research.

Sentiment Analysis of Getcontact Application Reviews on Google Play Store Using Naive Bayes Algorithm

Rido Dwi Kurniawan, Alfa Yohannis, Wahyu Tisno Atmojo — Sat, 06 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the contemporary digital era, the increasing incidence of fraud and unwanted communications has become a serious concern, driving the adoption of security apps like GetContact. This study aims to analyze public perception of the GetContact app by conducting a systematic sentiment analysis of user reviews on the Google Play Store. Using a text mining framework, 990 user reviews were collected, processed to ensure data quality, and then classified using the Naive Bayes algorithm to determine sentiment polarity. Quantitative results show a significant dominance of negative sentiment, comprising 419 reviews (42.3%), followed by positive sentiment, comprising 291 reviews (29.4%), and neutral sentiment, comprising 280 reviews (28.3%). Qualitative analysis through data visualization reveals that the primary user complaints center on basic functionality issues such as login difficulties, while positive sentiment is driven by the perception that the app is very helpful. These findings provide critical actionable insights for developers to prioritize improvements in areas of greatest user concern. This study advances sentiment analysis by demonstrating the efficacy of Naive Bayes in classifying unstructured app reviews, offering a scalable approach to evaluating user feedback in mobile app development.

A Hybrid Approach for Recommender Systems Based on Alternating Least Squares and CatBoost

Fiddin Yusfida — Sat, 06 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to improve the accuracy of movie rating predictions by applying and combining collaborative filtering and machine learning techniques in a hybrid recommender system. The research utilizes the MovieLens dataset to implement two distinct approaches: the Alternating Least Squares (ALS) matrix factorization model and the CatBoost gradient boosting model. The ALS model is trained to capture latent user–item interactions, while CatBoost leverages nonlinear relationships using user and item features. A simple hybrid strategy averages the predictions from both models to evaluate potential performance gains. Experimental results show that the hybrid approach achieves lower error metrics compared to either model individually, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values of 0.828 and 0.666, respectively. This demonstrates that combining latent factor models with tree-based learning can effectively reduce prediction errors by exploiting complementary strengths. The novelty of this research lies in its efficient yet effective hybridization strategy that improves recommendation quality without complex ensembling techniques. The findings suggest that even lightweight model fusion can significantly enhance predictive accuracy in recommender systems and may be adapted for other domains where combining linear and nonlinear modeling is beneficial. This research contributes to the field of Informatics and Computer Science by demonstrating that a lightweight hybridization of latent factor models and tree-based learning can significantly improve recommender system accuracy while offering practical implications for real-world digital applications.

Ambidextrous AI Governance Model for Advancing State-Owned Bank in Indonesia Digital Transformation Through COBIT 2019 Traditional and DevOps

Rama Putra Ramdani, Rahmat Mulyana, Taufik Nur Adi — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Integrating artificial intelligence into the banking sector accelerates digital transformation, but it also presents governance challenges, particularly in striking a balance between innovation and regulatory compliance, risk management, and operational control. This research proposes an ambidextrous AI governance model by combining two distinct yet complementary mechanisms from COBIT 2019: the structured, control-oriented Traditional framework and the agile, adaptive DevOps Focus Area. This dual approach enables organizations to pursue innovation and maintain governance stability simultaneously. The study investigates BankCo’s, a state-owned bank in Indonesia that is undergoing a systemic digital transformation and applies the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology with a case study approach. Collecting data through five semi-structured interviews with key IT Governance, Risk, and Compliance stakeholders and triangulated with internal policy documents, annual reports, and audit trails. The analysis identified two prioritized Governance and Management Objectives (GMOs), MEA03 (Managed Compliance with External Requirements) and APO12 (Managed Risk), based on design factors, regulatory alignment (POJK No. 11/2022 and SOE Minister Regulation No. PER-2/MBU/03/2023), and agile governance needs. A maturity gap analysis revealed areas for improvement across people, process, and technology dimensions, with the proposed model raising governance capability from 3.55 to 3.95. The proposed model applies multidimensional prioritization through Resource-Risk-Value (RRV) analysis. This study presents a practical and auditable approach to ethical AI governance that strikes a balance between innovation and accountability. The model supports digital transformation in banks and contributes to information systems governance by linking the ethical use of AI with agile yet compliant practices in regulated environments.

From Monoliths to Microservices: Designing a Scalable Super App Architecture for Academic Services at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Bangun Wijayanto, Dadang Iskandar, Swahesti Puspita Rahayu — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Jenderal Soedirman (Unsoed) currently operates more than 30 monolithic information systems built with heterogeneous technology stacks, resulting in duplicate functionality, inconsistent user experience, and high maintenance costs. This study designs a modular, microservices‑based Super App architecture that integrates core academic services (KRS/KHS, transcript, student & lecturer attendance, lecturer activity log) and a parent/guardian monitoring feature. Using the Design Science Research (DSR) method, we (1) identified problems via a technology audit and problem–objective matrix; (2) designed the artifact with Domain‑Driven Design, C4 modelling, and API‑first contracts; (3) demonstrated a working prototype with API Gateway, SSO, and event‑driven notifications; (4) evaluated performance (<300 ms latency for 500–1000 concurrent users) and stakeholder impact; and (5) communicated results through this paper. The proposed architecture reduces integration complexity, supports zero‑downtime deployment, and enhances transparency for parents without violating consent and privacy. The validated blueprint provides a roadmap for transforming legacy campus systems into a scalable, observable, and governable Super App.

SEMAR v1.0: An AI-driven Conceptual Model and Architecture for Smart Government in Indonesia Using a Mixed-Methods Approach

Assaf Arief, Miftah Muhammad, Achmad Fuad, Dana Indra Sensuse — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Building smart cities represents a national priority for Indonesia to enhance global competitiveness, with artificial intelligence (AI) driven smart government as a key enabler. However, implementation faces significant challenges including unmeasured organizational maturity, lack of service innovation, fragmented governance, and minimal citizen engagement leading to government institutions' failure in achieving smart city vision. This study aims to develop a holistic conceptual model to identify critical success factors and evaluate processes that integrate public services, fostering AI-driven smart government innovation at strategic level. This research employs mixed-methods exploratory sequential design combining qualitative techniques (Systematic Literature Review, expert interviews) with quantitative validation (citizen survey, statistical analysis). The model was constructed using Factor Analysis, Thematic Analysis, TOGAF framework, and multidimensional view with validation through triangulation, expert judgment, Focus Group Discussions, and statistical analysis. Results show a comprehensive model consisting of 6 dimensions, 17 key components, and 5-layer organizational architecture with high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.709-0.866) and expert consensus (86% agreement in Fuzzy Delphi Method analysis). This framework, referred to as SEMAR v1.0 (Smart Government Nusantara), serves as a benchmark for assessing the maturity and readiness of local government institutions in Indonesia. It offers the potential to improve SPBE scores through systematic evaluation, while also providing a theoretical foundation for smart government scholarship and a practical blueprint for policy implementation.

Multi-architectural Transfer Learning CNN for Klowong Batik Fabric Defect Classification

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Klowong is a base cloth that has been given a hot wax pattern as the initial stage in the batik making process but has not yet become a finished batik. Nowdays, written batik machine are available but still limited and production defects still occur, reducing the value of batik. Manual QC makes subjective assessments, so an accurate and efficient automated inspection system is needed for SMEs.This study proposes a defect classification approach on batik klowong fabric based on transfer learning using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture that has been verified to be reliable in image classification schemes. The basic models used include VGG16, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, and MobileNetV2, with modifications to the fully connected layers to reduce parameter complexity. The dataset consists of 1000 klowong fabric images with a resolution of 224×224 pixels, with a ratio of 80:10:10 for training, validation, and testing. Data augmentation was applied to improve the generalization of the model. Evaluation is performed based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and inference time. The experimental results show that VGG16 has the best performance in the testing stage with 92% accuracy. The combination of VGG16 with conventional classifiers (SVM and Random Forest) significantly speeds up the inference time (up to 0.0001 seconds per image) but with a decrease in accuracy to 81-83%. Therefore, the VGG16 model with the modified final layer is recommended as the optimal solution with the best trade-off between classification performance and computational efficiency, especially for application scenarios on low-resource devices such as batik SMEs.

Geographically Weighted Random Forests for Human Development Index of Central Java Prediction

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model has been widely used in various types of predictions, including human development index predictions. Similarly, the random forests (RF) model has also been widely used in various value predictions. The GWR model always assumes a local linear relationship between dependent and independent variables. The RF model only produces one global model that cannot represent conditions at each location. The GWR model is susceptible to multicollinearity in each independent variable, which can lead to overfitting if multicollinearity in the model is high. To address the vulnerability of the GWR model to multicollinearity, the RF model and the GWR model can be combined. Since the RF model is not vulnerable to multicollinearity in the independent variables, the modification becomes the geographically weighted random forests (GWRF) model to improve the shortcomings of the GWR and RF models. The GWR and GWRF models were constructed using data from districts and cities in Central Java Province, which was selected as the study area due to evident disparities in human development index achievements. These disparities highlight the presence of spatial heterogeneity that conventional models fail to adequately capture. To rigorously evaluate model performance, data from 2023 were employed as training data, while data from 2024 served as testing data. This research introduces a novel integration of spatial econometric and machine learning approaches, providing a more robust framework for addressing complex spatial variations in human development outcomes. The GWRF model is capable of producing a model that does not overfit when there is multicollinearity among independent variables. The GWRF model offers a novel integration of machine learning and spatial modelling, outperforming both GWR and RF by not only delivering high predictive accuracy under complex variable relationships but also capturing nuanced local spatial heterogeneity that conventional approaches fail to address.

A Comparative Analysis of Hyperparameter-Tuned XGBoost and LightGBM for Multiclass Rainfall Classification in Jakarta

Cokorda Gde Lanang Pringandana, Kusnawi — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events in Jakarta has disrupted daily life and critical infrastructure, highlighting the urgent need for accurate rainfall prediction models to support disaster mitigation and early warning systems. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of two machine learning algorithms Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) for multiclass rainfall classification using historical meteorological data. The dataset, which includes features such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall, was preprocessed through mean imputation, oversampling to address class imbalance, one-hot encoding, and feature engineering. Both models were trained and tuned using RandomizedSearchCV and assessed through cross-validation and independent testing. The results show that XGBoost consistently outperformed LightGBM, achieving 94% accuracy compared to 91%. Furthermore, XGBoost demonstrated higher precision, recall, F1-score, and specificity across all rainfall categories, resulting in fewer misclassifications and more stable predictions. Confusion matrices confirmed its superior ability to distinguish between similar weather conditions such as cloudy and rainy classes. These findings indicate that XGBoost is more effective in capturing nonlinear interactions between weather features and is therefore better suited for use in complex tropical climates. The study concludes that XGBoost is the more reliable model and recommends its integration into real-time early warning systems to improve climate resilience and disaster preparedness in urban areas like Jakarta that are increasingly affected by climate variability.

A Hybrid LSTM–Smith Waterman Model for Personalized Semantic Search in Academic Information Systems

Ade Yuliana, Novita Lestari Anggreini, Rachmat Iskandar, G. Rafi Prasanth — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The growing complexity of digital learning environments presents a critical challenge in computer science, particularly in designing intelligent academic systems capable of delivering context-aware and personalized content. Traditional academic information systems often rely on literal keyword matching, failing to interpret the semantic intent behind user queries and ignoring historical learning behavior. This study addresses these limitations by proposing a hybrid semantic search and recommendation model that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with the Smith Waterman algorithm. The LSTM component models temporal sequences of user interactions, while Smith Waterman enables local semantic alignment between user queries and learning content. Historical query logs and user-clicked topics are transformed into semantic vectors, which are further enhanced through a contextual graph and semantic relation matrix. Experimental results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness, achieving 89% accuracy, an F1-score of 0.89, and an AUROC of 0.88 by epoch 50. The hybrid architecture successfully captures the evolution of user interest and semantic relevance, outperforming baseline approaches. This research contributes to the field of computer science by bridging natural language understanding and sequential modeling to improve adaptive learning technologies. The proposed model offers a scalable foundation for developing intelligent recommendation systems in academic platforms, fostering improved learner engagement and efficiency.

Optimizing Type 2 Diabetes Classification with Feature Selection and Class Balancing in Machine Learning

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is a crucial factor in patient survival and treatment effectiveness. Errors in diabetes detection lead to disease severity, high costs, prolonged healing time, and a decline in service quality. Additionally, a major challenge in developing Machine Learning (ML)-based detection decision support systems is the class imbalance in medical data as well as the high feature dimensionality that can affect the accuracy and efficiency of the model. This research proposes an approach based on feature selection (FS) and handling class imbalance to improve performance in type 2 diabetes. Several feature selection techniques such as Information Gain (IG), Gain Ratio (GR), Gini Decrease (GD), Chi-Square (CS), Relief-F, and FCBF can perform feature selection based on weighting ranking. Furthermore, to address the imbalanced class distribution, we utilize the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE). ML classification models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting (GB), Tree, Neural Network (NN), Random Forest (RF), and AdaBoost were tested and evaluated based on the confusion matrix including accuracy, precision, recall, and time. The experimental results show that the combination of strategies for handling imbalanced classes significantly improves the predictive performance of ML algorithms. In addition, we found that the combination of feature selection techniques IG+AdaBoost consistently demonstrates optimal performance. This study emphasizes the importance of data preprocessing and the selection of the right algorithms in the development of machine learning-based T2DM detection systems. Accurate detection can reduce the severity of disease, lower treatment costs, speed up the healing process, and improve healthcare services.

Development of an AI Governance Model for Higher Education Using the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

Irfan Walhidayah, Kridanto Surendro — Mon, 18 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education presents strategic opportunities for institutional transformation, while introducing complex challenges related to ethics, accountability, transparency, and regulatory compliance. Responding to the growing complexity of AI implementation in academic environments , this study proposes a governance model for AI named GOVAIHEI (Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Higher Education Institutions), conceptualized using the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework. The model was developed using the Design Research Methodology (DRM), which consists of four stages: Research Clarification, Descriptive Study I, Prescriptive Study, and Descriptive Study II. GOVAIHEI encompasses five primary domains: Data and Information, Technology and Infrastructure, Ethics and Social Responsibility, Regulation and Compliance, and Monitoring and Evaluation. Each domain is articulated into capability areas and measurable practices, assessed using the tiered NPLF scale (Not, Partial, Largely, Fully Achieved) to determine institutional capability and maturity levels. The model was validated through expert judgment by three domain specialists, confirming its relevance, methodological soundness, and alignment with CMMI principles. A web-based evaluation system was also developed using Laravel, PostgreSQL, Redis, and Nginx, enabling structured, efficient, and automated assessments. Implementation in a case study at Institute XYZ revealed an initial maturity level (Level 1) with development goals toward Level 3 (Defined). The findings demonstrate a practical foundation for navigating the multifaceted nature of AI adoption in higher education through a structured and adaptable governance approach, which aligns with the increasing demand for robust digital governance frameworks in technology-driven environments.

Spice Type Recognition Based on Shape and Color Features Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Fuzzy Methods

Sonia Syofyan, Liza Fitria, Munawir — Tue, 19 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Spices are natural ingredients that play an important role in everyday life, especially in traditional medicine. With a variety of shapes and colors, spices are often difficult to distinguish from one another. This research aims to classify spice types based on shape and color features using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Fuzzy methods. This research will limit the recognition of spice types to 10 specific types of spices, namely ginger, turmeric, star anise, coriander, pepper, nutmeg, galangal, cinnamon, cloves, and candlenut. Spice type recognition will be done based on shape, color and texture features extracted using 300 training data images. The application of the K-NN method and Fuzzy logic allows flexible processing of color features (HSV). Fuzzy logic classifies spice color characteristics by generating a color score (color_score), which is then used to better interpret and distinguish spice colors for the classification process between test data and training data by the K-NN method. The test results show that from a total of 100 test data, the system successfully classifies spices with an accuracy rate of 77%.