Enhancement of YOLOv9 Model for Traffic Vehicle Detection using Augmentation Techniques

Imam Ahmad  Ashari; Wahyul Amien  Syafei; Adi  Wibowo

doi:10.52436/1.jutif.2026.7.2.5196

Authors

Imam Ahmad Ashari Information Technology, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia
Wahyul Amien Syafei Electrical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Adi Wibowo Informatics, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2026.7.2.5196

Keywords:

Augmentation Techniques, Traffic Vehicle Detection, YOLO, YOLO9, YOLOv9t model

Abstract

Traffic vehicle detection is a crucial component in developing intelligent transportation systems, with object detection models like YOLO (You Only Look Once) often preferred for their speed and accuracy. However, challenges remain in detecting vehicles under diverse lighting conditions and small object scales, even with advanced models such as YOLOv9. To address these limitations, image augmentation techniques are employed to enhance model robustness by providing broader data variation. This study investigates the impact of multiple image augmentation methods on the YOLOv9t model for traffic vehicle detection. The techniques evaluated include Blur, Brightness Adjustment, Contrast Adjustment, Color Jitter, Cropping, Flipping, Noise Injection, Rotation, Scaling, and Zoom-In. Results reveal that Scaling and Brightness Adjustment significantly improve detection accuracy, achieving mAP50-95 values of 0.450 and 0.449, respectively. Conversely, methods such as Contrast Adjustment, Rotation, and Cropping produced unsatisfactory outcomes, with Contrast Adjustment performing the worst at only 0.167. Without augmentation, the baseline mAP50-95 was 0.378, emphasizing the vital role of augmentation in improving detection performance, especially under challenging conditions. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate augmentation techniques to optimize YOLOv9t performance, with further improvements possible through combining multiple methods. Compared to approaches that solely focus on enhancing model architecture, the proposed augmentation-based strategy proves more effective in addressing real-world challenges, strengthening resilience against lighting variations and small object detection. This contribution supports the development of more accurate and reliable multilabel vehicle detection systems, advancing safer and more efficient intelligent transportation solutions.

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